Final - Antimicrobials Flashcards
(38 cards)
The drug concentration at the lower end of the therapeutic range for the antibiotic; the concentration of drug at which bacteria are inhibited:
MIC - Mean Inhibitory concentration
The chemical structure found in penicillins and cephalosporins making them susceptible to bacterial enzymes:
Beta-lactam ring
The process by which one compound binds to another compound resulting in the compound to precipitate out of solution:
Chelation
The enzyme that is inhibited by quinolones preventing the nuclear material inside the bacteria from being condensed so the bacteria could divide:
DNA-gyrase
Pyogenic means:
“to produce pus”
Name a -lactam antibiotic that is naturally resistant to penicillinase:
Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin
The first quinolone approved for use in the U.S. Do not use above 5 mg/kg in cats in order to avoid the risk of blindness:
enrofloxacin (Baytril)
A member of the tetracycline family that is able to penetrate the CNS through the BBB (blood brain barrier); has a longer half-life and broader spectrum of activity.
doxycycline
The term for bacteria that cannot be killed by a particular drug:
resistant
Bacteria can can be killed by a particular drug are termed?
susceptible
The name of the group of antibiotics that are very safe except for hypersensitivity reactions which are common and can be life-threatening:
penicillins
Microbes that require oxygen to grow are
aerobic
Microbes that grow with little to no oxygen are:
anaerobic
T/F Aminoglycosides are potentially toxic to which two organs?
ear and kidney (oto & neph)
T/F Early signs of nephrotoxicosis from aminoglycosides include the presence of casts and protein in the urin.
True
The group of antimicrobials associated with KCS:
Sulfonamides
Which antibiotic is often added to polymyxin B and neomycin to make a widely used cream or ointment?
bacitracin
List the trade name and its active ingredient for the quinolones antimicrobials:
Batril - enrofloxacin
Orbax - orbifloxacin
Zenequin - marbofloxacin
The enzyme produced by bacteria (esp Staph. spp.) that can disable penicillins and cephalosporins:
beta-lactamase
Name the condition that is sometimes referred to as “dry eye” and can result from the use of sulfonamides:
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
An antifungal drug that is used for deep mycoses. Causes serious kidney damage when used:
Amphoteracin B
A group of antimicrobials that are readily chelated with calcium and magnesium. Do not allow animals taking these drugs to drink milk or dairy products. Do not use orally in nursing animals
Tetracyclines
Added to penicillin G to slow absorption and extend therapeutic concentrations for up to three days:
procaine
Use of this antibiotic in any animal intended for food is grounds for losing the license to practice veterinary medicine; can cause aplastic anemia in humans:
chloramphenicol