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VTT 244 Pharmacology > Sed, Tranq, Opiods, Neuro, AX > Flashcards

Sed, Tranq, Opiods, Neuro, AX Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F A neurotransmitter is a chemical used to transmit nerve impulses?

A

True

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2
Q

T/F Dendrites of the neuron transmit impulses away from the cell body.

A

False - Transmits impulses toward cell body.

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3
Q

T/F The CNS is composed of the brain, spinal cord and 12 cranial nerves.

A

False - CNS comprised of brain and spinal cord only

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4
Q

T/F Metoclopramide is a cholinergic drug that helps control vomiting.

A

True

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5
Q

The main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is:
A. Norepinephrine C. Acepromazine
B. Acetylcholine D. Dopamine

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into X and X?
A. somatic & autonomic C. parasympathetic division
B. nicotinic & autonomic D. CNS

A

somatic & autonomic

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7
Q

The “fight or flight” response is controlled by the
A. somatic branch C. parasympathetic division
B. sympathetic division D. CNS

A

parasympathetic

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8
Q

Part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
A. dendrites C. axon
B. neucleus D.telodendrons

A

Axon

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9
Q

The area between two neurons where neurotranmitters are released and transferred is called
A. sinus space C. synaptic space
B. synaptic vesicle D. neural bridge

A

Synaptic space

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10
Q

A commonly used cholinergic blocking agent
A. Ace C. Albuterol
B. Atropine D. Amylase

A

Atropine

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11
Q

A common adrenergic drug used to increase heart rate, cardiac output & dilate bronchioles is
A. Atropine C. Epinephrine
B. Dopamine D. Yohimbine

A

Epinephrine

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12
Q

An adrenergic blocker that treats xylazine toxicity
A. Yohimbine C. Metaclopramide
B. Dopamine D. Yohimbine

A

Yohimbine

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13
Q

Efferent nerve impulses are impulses moving X the central cell body. While afferent impulses are going X the central cell body.

A

away & toward
Efferent = Away
Afferent = Toward

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14
Q

What role do enzymes play in nerve conduction?

A

Quickly inactivate the neurotransmitter molecules.

The action is stopped, muscles rest.

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15
Q

List the 5 components of a reflex arc in order from stimulus to response. (CNS, sensory neuron, receptor, effector, motor neuron)

A

Receptor, Sensory neuron, CNS, Motor neuron, Effector

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16
Q

What are the 3 areas of the brain for pain interpretation and list one function.

A

Cerebrum - higher functions
Thalamus - mediator between nervous & endocrine system
Medulla - Carries impulses between spinal cord & brain.

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17
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic “Fight or Flight”

Sympathetic “Rest & Restore”

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18
Q

What are the 2 receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Nicotinic & Muscarinic

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19
Q

What are the 5 receptors of the sympathetic system?

A

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2, Dopaminergic

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20
Q

What are some Adrenergic neurotransmitters?

A

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine

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21
Q

What are some Cholinergic neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine

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22
Q

Ten ml of 2.5% solution of thipentone contains how many mg of thipentone?

A 
25 mg
(multiply # by 10 = mg/ml)
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23
Q

How do drugs affect the CNS?

A

Mimic neurotransmitters
Interfere with the release of neurotransmitters
Block receptors
Interfere with a breakdown or reuptake of neurotransmitters.

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24
Q

Define Cholinergic agents

A

Stimulate receptor sites mediated by acetylcholine
May mimic or inhibit breakdown
Also called parasympathomemetic

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25
The alpha 1 agent does what
Reduces blood flow, decrease congested mucous membranes of nasal passage
26
Alpha 2 agent does what
Inhibits release of norepinephrine
27
Beta 1 agent does what
Beat of the heart
28
Beta 2 agent does what
Breathe | Relaxation of muscles
29
T/F For an inhalant anesthetic to work it needs to reach the brain.
True
30
T/R A common side effect of most opioids is respiratory depression.
True
31
Define Tranquilizer
Alleviates anxiety, relaxes w/o causing sleep, no pain relief
32
Deifine Sedative
Causes relaxation & calms, helps patient sleep but easily aroused
33
Define Analgesic
Directly relieves the perception of pain w/o loss of other sensations
34
Define Anesthetic
Creates a loss of feeling or sensation and can be local or general
35
The Mu opioid receptor does what
Responsible for storing analgesia, sedation, respiratory, depression, anti-tussive effect, Euphoria
36
The Kappa opioid receptor does what
Milder analgesia than mu, sedation without as much respiration depression. Dysphoria
37
T/F Toletamine and diazepam are the drugs found in Telazol
False - Tiletamine and zolazepam
38
T/F Inhalant anesthetics have good analgesic effect
False
39
Which drug reduces siezure threshold levels
Acepromazine
40
Name the opioid that is found in the analgesic patch Duragesic
Fentanyl
41
What class of controlled substance is pure Sodium Pentobarbital?
Class II (Short acting)
42
List times for Long acting, Short acting, and Ultra-short acting barbiturates
Long acting - 8 to12 hours Short acting - 45 min to 2 hours Ultra short acting - 5 to 30 minutes
43
Animals can be maintained on Sevoflurane at what percentage when oxygen is used as the delivery gas?
2.5 - 4.5%
44
The benzodiazepine derivative diazepam is often administered in combination with what drug?
Ketamine
45
The reversal agent used for opioid toxicity is what?
Naloxone
46
Which inhalant anesthetic is best to use for induction due to less odor?
Sevoflorane
47
What drug is use in newborns to help stimulate breathing
Doxapram
48
Which drug is classified as an alpha 2 agonist used for sedation and some analgesic effects:
xylazine
49
The higher the MAC of an inhalant the X the potency.
Lower
50
Caffeine and theobrime below to a broad group of drugs known as
Methylxanthines
51
Butorphanol and acepromazine is an example of what type of drug?
Neroleptanalgesic
52
What is a neuroleptanalgesic
An opioid mixed with a tranquilizer
53
A dissociative drug
Ketamine
54
What type of drug releaves pain without loss of other sensations
Analgesic
55
A CNS simtulant toxic to dogs
Theobromine
56
What type drug calms patients but makes them still easily aroused?
Sedatives
57
What type of drug is a naturally occuring analgesic?
Opiates
58
What is the reversal agent for xylazine?
Yohimbine
59
What type of drug relaxes the patient with no real analgesic effect
Tranquilzers
60
What are the 2 main groups of tranquuilzers?
Phenothiazines (Acepromazine) | Benzodiazepines (Diazepam)
61
When a dissociative drug is used, what type of effects might you expect to see from the patient? List at least two.
Rigidity, trancelike, sensitive to stimuli
62
What is the carrier molecule for inhalant gases?
Oxygen
63
Beta 1 and 2 receptors the sympathetic nervous system do what to the heart and blood vessels?
Beta 1 - heart rate/contractions | Beta 2 - vessel- and bronchodilation
64
T/F Pentobarbital is considered a long acting drug?
False it is a short acting drug.
65
T/F Cats typically require a lower dose of Phenobarbital than dogs do.
True
66
T/F Barbiturates can cause excitement during induction and recovery commonly referred to as "paddling".
True
67
Barbiturates should not be used in which breed type?
Sight hounds
68
Which drug reduces seizure threshold levels?
Acepromazine
69
What are the four uses of Barbiturates?
Sedatives Anti-convulsants General anesthetics Euthanasia solutions

VTT 244 Pharmacology (15 decks)

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