Flashcards in Cardiac Function Deck (48)
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1
heart anatomy
2 atriums & 2 ventricles
tricuspid valve & mitral valve
3 layers of fibrous membrane
2
tricuspid valve
separates right atrium from right ventricle
3
mitral valve
separates left atrium from left ventricle
4
visceral pericardium
inner layer of pericardium
5
perietal percardium
outer layer of pericardium
6
pericardium fluid
fluid between layers
7
3 layers of heart wall
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
8
epicardium
outer layer of heart wall
9
myocardium
middle layer, striated muscle fibers, has actin, myosin & troponin as well as myoglobin in this layer
enzymes CK-MB & LD isoenzymes LD1 & LD2 are found here
10
damage to the myocardium results in what?
troponin
CK-MB
LD isoenzymes into serum
11
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
symptom of heart disease
12
Chest pain
gamete from angina to crushing pain
symptom of heart disease
13
Palpitations
thumping to flip-flops, heart to catch these for evaluations
symptom of heart disease
14
Syncope
fainting, loss of consciousness
symptom of heart disease
15
Edema
swelling of tissues, legs, eyes, abdomen, chest wall (especially for congestive heart failure)
symptom of heart disease
16
Cyanosis
bluish color of fingernails, lips, non-02 blood
symptom of heart disease
17
symptoms of heart disease
Dyspnea
chest pain
palpitations
syncope
edema
cyanosis
18
5 categories of cardiac diseases
Congenital cardiovascular diseases
heart failure
acute coronary syndrome
hypertensive heart disease
infective heart disease
19
Congenital heart disease
congenital cardiovascular defects= CCVD
defects range from heart walls, valves, artery & veins crisscrossing etc
20
symptoms of congenital heart disease
cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension, clubbing of fingers, embolisms, reduced growth, & syncope (fainting)
21
development of congenital heart defects
most defects are multi-factorial & include some environmental factors
infants develop heart w/in first 10 weeks of pregnancy & pick up on infants a few weeks after birth
22
CCVDs
Tetralogy of Fallot
VSD
23
Tetralogy of Fallot
transposition of arteries, atrio ventricular septa defects, coartction of the aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome
ventricular septa defects (most common)
24
VSD
hole between 2 ventricles, leads to hypertrophy, increased pulmonary pressure, blood shunted away from aorta
decreased output
25
tests for CCVD
increased catecholamines & salt
water retention
do FISH tests for DNA mutations
26
Heart failure
when any structural or functional cardiac disorder impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill & eject blood
27
common causes of HF
coronary artery disease (CAD)
cardiomyopathies (thickening of ventricle walls)
inflammatory heart diseases
valvular disease
cardiac arrhythmias
28
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
events:
angina-> reversible tissue injury -> unstable angina -> MI -> extensive heart tissue necrosis
29
Acute coronary syndrome symptoms
chest pain, referred pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, diaphoresis, light headed
typical 'heart attack' symptoms
30
