cardio

Question 1

R- L shunts

Answer 1

TOGA

TEtrolgy of fallout

Question 2

patent ductus arterioles what category does it fall under

Answer 2

left to right shunt

Question 3

normal urine output

Answer 3

1-3 ml/kg /hour

Question 4

which category suffer from frequent pneumonias due to overload

Answer 4

L- R shunting

Question 5

normal CT ratio in a newborn

Answer 5

no more than 0.6

Question 6

normal Ejection fraction

Answer 6

> 60%

Question 7

congenital pathologies presenting in neonatal period

Answer 7

1. TOGA
2. COA
3. Hypoplastic left heart

Question 8

fixed split S2 sound indicated

Answer 8

almost always indicated atrial septal defect this is when there is delay in the pulmonic valve closing

Question 9

most common contentital hear defect

Answer 9

vSD

Question 10

DIAGNOSIS of vid gold standard

Answer 10

TEE

Question 11

common causes of murmurers in kids

Answer 11

heart defect
febrile
anemia

Question 12

what’s more worrying diastolic/sytolidc murmur

Answer 12

diastolic

Question 13

murmur that propagates to back

Answer 13

PSM PDA COA

Question 14

radiates to neck

Answer 14

aortic stenosis

Question 15

radiates to axilla

Answer 15

MR

Question 16

How to differentiate between respiratory and cardiac pathology

Answer 16

hyperoxia tesT

Question 17

PDA murmour

Answer 17

continuous rough like machine

Question 18

rf for pda

Answer 18

PREMIES
RUBELLA
downs

Question 19

treatment pda

Answer 19

premies - indomethacin/ibuprofen to close it up

cardiac catheterisation + coil embolisation

surgery

Question 20

what Happens if you do not treat a PDA

Answer 20

lung problems and eisenmengers

Question 21

Common defect in downs

Answer 21

atrioventricular septal defect

Question 22

at What level do we see cyanosis

Answer 22

cyanosis if <85%

Question 23

most common cyanotic heart disease!

Answer 23

TOF

Question 24

TOF

Answer 24

Pulmonary valve stenosis/ atresia (less blood going to lungs )- this is leading one its the first thing that develops in fetal life
Overriding aorta -
RV hypertrophy
VSD

Question 25

boot shaped heart

Answer 25

TOF

Question 26

the shunt in fetal life is

Answer 26

R- L

Question 27

most common cyanotic disease is

Answer 27

TOF

Question 28

EGG ON A STRING

Answer 28

TOGA

Question 29

appearance of TOGA

Answer 29

from both or within the first few days

Question 30

complications of tOF

Answer 30

brain clots | meningitis

Question 31

causes of innocent murmurs

Answer 31

fever + anemia

Question 32

what effect can arrhythmia have on HR

Answer 32

can cause tachy or brady

Question 33

types of cardiomyopathies

Answer 33

1. dilated - most common 2. hypertonic 3 restrictive - prevents fillin

Question 34

where is the most common location of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 34

after it has given off its beaches to the upper body

Question 35

main difference between paediatric coarctation and adult and main symptoms

Answer 35

in children occurs before the ductus and in adults occurs after. symptom in children is colour discrepancy and mean children and adults is hypertension

Question 36

is contraction cyanotic

Answer 36

acyanotic (lecture)

Question 37

murmur of VSD

Answer 37

PANSYTOLIC AND LEFT STERNAL BORDER

Question 38

gold standard VSD

Answer 38

TEE

Question 39

findings VSD

Answer 39

LOUD P2

Question 40

Why are people with congenital heart disease are increased risk of developing brain abscess

Answer 40

People with cyanotic congenital heart disease are at risk of developing brain abscess. Intracardiac right‐to‐left shunt bypass, by which blood is not filtered through pulmonary circulation where bacteria are intercepted by phagocytosis, may allow direct entry to cerebral circulation. In addition, decreased arterial oxygenation can result in compensatory polycythemia. Increased blood viscosity can cause a focal area of ischemia that serves as a nidus for infection.

Question 41

complications of TOF

Answer 41

tet spells meningits cerebral sinus thrombosis

Question 42

when are tet spells common

Answer 42

2-6 months

Question 43

signs of Rheumaric fever and name of criteria

Answer 43

CARDITIS s.c nodules chorea- can come months later artrritis erythema marginatum johnes