GI Flashcards by Maryam Garkuwa

typical age of PS

main points and cause and key ABG findings and signs

6- 8 weeks /2 months

not sure but increased risk
-males, premature, family history, use of erythromycin, hypergastrinemia

CAn HAVE JAUNDICE - due to decreased enzyme activity (indirect )

ULTRASOUND findings
thickness >3mm

hypertophic pyloric sphincter
its progressive so symptoms will get worse over time
postprandial vomiitng so baby still hungry
olive shaped mass in RUQ/epigatrium
peristalitc waves moving from L to R

increased gastric bubble on x ray as GOO

hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

tx- pylomyotomy but if CI then endoscopic baloon dilation

shoulder sign - us
string sign - barium

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chronic non specific diarrhoea

6m - 5 years
children are well and thriving
colicky pain
stools can contain undigested food and mucous
loose stools are not due to malabsorption
stools are not always due malabsorption

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diagnosis of chronic non specific

most common location for intussception and epidemiology and signs and tx

stool samples

ilio colic and more common in males and mostly under age of 2

target sign

air reduction or barium (air is better)

asses anthropemterics

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tx of chronic non specific

diet changes - increase fat and decrease milk/fruit juice and sugary drinks

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chroens disease other general symptoms

fever fatigue

delayed puberty!! (LIKE OTHER CHRONIC INFLMAMATORY DISEASES LIKE juveanille atrhitis, CF)

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extraintetsinal thrones

eyes uveitis
skin tags 
fistulas ]mouth ulcers 
arthirits 
erythema nodsusm

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diagnosis of IBD

labs

Endoscopy labs are not enough
fecal calprotectib
PANCA, ASCA, ANA

labs: inflammatory markers,, leukkocytosis, thrombocytosis

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specific antibodies for chrones

panca -

asca +

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specific antibodies for UC

panca +

aSca -

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tx thrones

polymeric diet (liquid diet ) also called whole protein modular feed to rest uur good for 6- 8 weeks

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aminosalicylates

TX FOR giardiaasis

used specifically for UC

metronadizole

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breast fed baby poo vs formula

yellow
more runny compared to formula
seedy
don’t poop as frequently

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organic causes of constipation

hypocacemia
dehydration - diabtes
hypothyroidism
drugs- anticholinergics + opiates

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treatment of constipation

disimpaction
stool softeners- polythene glycol
laxative - lactulouse
last resort - enerma

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why would u do RAST test for chronic cosntipation

check if its allergies causing

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features for galactosaemia

Hepatomegaly brain damage retardation jaundice cataracts

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diagnosis of galactosemia

galactose in urine

low levels of galactose 1 phosphate urdidyl transferee

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Interesting about galactosaemia

hydrogen breath test is used for

babies are predisposed to E. coli sepsis

lactose intolerance

interesting fact of hep c

not given before three years old because it can’t actually resolve spontaneously

autoimmune hepatitis

7-10
girls
anti smooth muscle and antinuclear

which conditions are associated with projectile vomitting

CAH
PS
ICP

diagnosis for cows milk allergy

double blind placebo

skin prick tests

Wilsons disease labs

ceruloplasmin + COPPER LOW
copper in tissue
eye exam

typical age for appendicitis

Non-specific abdominal pain

pain that resolves in 1 to 2 days Presents with a pain similar to appendicitis but less severe tenderness in the right lower quadrant often comes with the respiratory infection and cervical lymph nodes if it doesn't improve remove the appendix

malrotation

prone to volvulus Ladd bands co press duodenum bilous vomitting

when does malformation usually present

within first month of life

abdominal migraine

midline pain you get headaches, ,vomiitng pillow tx antimigrain medication

when can you get melaena in an lower gI bleed

when its in the small intestines or ascending colon

what is azathioprine daignoss of lactose intolerance

immunosuppressant used in IBD, RA , hydrogen breath test stool <5.5

ursodeoxycholic acid

primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and for the dissolution of radiolucent gallstones in patients

what are biological agents dumping syndrome symptoms

the use of monoclonal ab's divided into GI and vasomotor such as flushing, sweating,palpatations, intense desire to lie down

food poisoninf vs gasttroenteriits

food: usually bacterial gastro, usually virall, more dull pain food: more acutte , the food has been cotnaminated , sharp pain, more severe , sweating

# ``` d ``` dx of gastreoneteritis

food poisining IBS IBd

# s signs of iBS , criteria for diagnosos dx

alternating bowel habits - diarrhea / cosntipation freuency and urgency mucous stool abdominal bloating celiac : diarrhea and blooding colon cancer: altered bowl habits ibd

tx for IBS causes of dumping sysndrome

diet is the mainstay trying low fodmap foods but also pshycotherapy and excercise surgery and avoid drinking fluids with meals, wait at least 30 mins, avoid milk and simple sugars

celiac disease gender and symptoms and cause at what age does it clasically present

disproprotionately affects women drum stick n&v dermititis herpetiformis (buttocks + extonsor surfaces) failure to thrive/ wieght loss fat absoroption - steatorrhea diarrhea anemia!!! T CELL AUTOANTIBODY when mothes start weaning babies and introducing them to gluten around 9-24 months

# ``` ```* rf celiac if vomit has fecal material where is the obstruction

strong family history HLA DQ2/DQ8 other autoimmune (type 1 large intestine

the antibodies in celiac DIAGNOSIS early malabsopripon vs late malabsorption

anti - TTG (ig A) anti gliadin antibodies endomysial antibodies there is also an iG G antibody too Biopsy - will see t lymphocyte infiltration endoscipy - flattned villi early: fats late: folate, proteins , ca2+

complications of celiac disease

anemia cancer : non h lymphma osteoproesis develop a lactose intolerance bowel cancer HYPOSPELNISM (encapsulated risk)- but more so adults kwashiokor- protiens edema - bleeding - vitamin k

# * chronci diarrhea causes

cows milk allergy ]lactose intolerance cf and celiac IBS and IBS

Symptoms of CF

not just pancrease affceted other excrocrine glans - dry mouth (increased risk of infection) - -infertility - - diabtes mellitus - liver failure - heat intolerance

tx for GERD

postion of feeding after feeding burp the child and keep upright thicken the food fromula change avoid overfeeing avoid tirggers like cows milk allergy pharmacotherpay