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respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

treatment of mycoplasma

A

macrolide - kids

levofloxacin - adults /teens

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2
Q

age for mycoplasma and pattern on x ray

A

> 5

usually an interstitial type usually Lower lobe

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3
Q

diagnosis of pneumocystis + treatment

A

BAL + gastric washings(early in the moring ) but a lot of kids will still ne negative its quite difficult

biseptol!

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4
Q

lab findings which indicates strep pneumonia

A 
a very sudden onset 
high fever
herpes  
septic condition 
abc >15 000
CRP more than 100
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5
Q

Prevention of pneumonia

A

h. Infuenza type b vaccine
Flu vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

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6
Q

destructive pneumonia caise

A

staph /strep
group A
klebsiella - bilateral +smaller
pseudomonoans

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7
Q

destructive pneumonia complications

A

sepsis
bull rupturing (life threatening)
pericarditis

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8
Q

what does infiltrate give you on examination

A

bronchophony

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9
Q

key word for nectrotzing pneumonias

A

cavities

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10
Q

which ideates do you do a cold agglutination test

A

mycoplasma pneumonia are IG M antibodies

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11
Q

empirical treatment for all pneumonias regardless of type

A

cephalosporins

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12
Q

antistaphy drugs

A

vancomycin+ clindamycin

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13
Q

definition of chronic pneumonia

A

> 3 months

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14
Q

will there always be stridor in a foreign body

A

no depends on the location if upper then yes but if lower then more likely coughing

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15
Q

which bronchus gets more affected by foreign bodies

A

right cos its more vertical

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16
Q

what’s important to always remember about pneumonias

A

always localised!

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17
Q

> 2 in pneumonia

A

more likely to be infiltrate (localised)

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18
Q

which disease is associated with vomitting

A

whooping cough

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19
Q

causes of stridor

A

upper airway obstruction
croup
epiglottis laryngitis

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20
Q

what age are children mostt likely to get brocnhiollits

A

<6 months

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21
Q

lab finding ABG bronhcioloitis

A

acidosis due to hypercapnia

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22
Q

most common cause of pneumonia is neonates top 3

A

e.coli
chlamydia
listeria monocytogense

s.pneumonia
h.influenz

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23
Q

general treatment for pneumonia

what does zinc do

A

amoxicillin - mild
severe- co amoxiclav
if mycoplasma- add macrolide

in poor counttries it helps with recovery

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24
Q

can you have crackles in bronhcioloitis

A

yes

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25
what organisms are a precursor to brochieactatsis
morexella catrrhalis + h. influenza
26
types of bronchiactiais
generalised - CF , PRMARY ciliary dyskinesia | focal - previous sever pneumonia, foreign body
27
main symptom of bronchieacasi s
wet cough (purulent)
28
other signs of bronhcieatayts
``` clubbing hemoptosqis wheezing dyspnea coughing fatigue weigh loss ] ```
29
labs of cf
metabolic alkalosis | hyonatremia + hypochloremia
30
syndrome of CF
oedema anemia hypoproetinemia malabsorption
31
what respiratory condition is rectal propse associated with
CF
32
DIAGNOSIS OF CF
trypinsogen in blood - high fecal elastase - in faeces in low sweat test - standard >60 abnormal genetic screening
33
what values of sweat test indicate cF
>60
34
tx CF
``` CREON mucolytics antibiotics prophylaxis vitamin supplements ppi (gerd) bone scans for osteoporosis ```
35
negative test for sweat test
<40
36
how many times do you do sweat test
at least 2 times
37
IGRA
Blood test to diagnose tb but cannot differentiate between latent + active infection
38
types of tb
1. latent - asymptomatic | 2. active
39
why is it hard to diagnose Tb
children find it hard to produce sputum | also in children there is few tb bacteria , sample not enough
40
dx of tb
LIP - lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis which happens in some kids with TB so all children with tb should be tested for HIV and vice versa
41
which tb drug causes peripheral neuropathy
isoniazid
42
should we treat symptomatic children with TB
yes to decrease the risk of reactivation later in life give them rifampicin +isoniazid for 3 months or just I for 6 months.
43
CI for bcg vaccine
HIV as it is a live vaccine | immunodeficiency
44
spirometry values for asthma
FeV1- decreased FVC- normal or slightly decrease ratio- less than 70%
45
signs not suggestive of asthma
``` clubbing symptoms done get worse at night productive cough normal lung function tests wheezing immediately after birth unilateral wheezing - ASTHMA IS DIFFUSE! ```
46
when do we diagnose asthma
>2
47
when can we perform spirometry
>5 years
48
side effects of salbutwmal
hypo k tremors tachycardia + myocardial ischemia
49
asthma attach management
predislon - 3 days regarless of severity | SABA
50
common age for tonsillitis to occur
3-5
51
what do we avoid giving in toniliaiti
amzociillin cos maculopapular rash
52
indications for adenoidectomy
osa recurrent tonsilitis abscess in tonsil recurrent otitis media with effusion
53
common age for otitis media
6-12 months
54
most likely cause of otitis media
s.pneumonia
55
what to look out for in otitis media
unexplained fever ! | otoscope - red bulging membrane loss of light reflex
56
complication of otitis
mastoiditis meningits hearing loss
57
otitis media with effusion
as a result of recurrent infections otoscope: dull membrane can cause deafness
58
which sinus is not present at birth
frontal
59
age for croup
<6
60
true croup cause | pseudo croup
diphtheria | other viruses, bacteria
61
key feature of croup
no drooling | barking cough
62
treatment of croup
self limiting | severe: give cs, nebuliser adrenaline
63
x ray sign for croup
steeple sign (tapering trachea)
64
bacterial tracheitis causes
staph + strep
65
tracheitis vs croup
tracheiits has a higher fever | more severe obstruction with more secretions
66
how to treat tracheitis
treat with croup protocol but then the condition will not improve AS U NEED ANTIBIOTICS
67
cause of epiglottis
h. influenza
68
key points for epiglottis
cough is not the leading factor severe intoxication drooling muffled voice
69
sign for epiglottis on x ray
thumb sign
70
tx epiglottis
antibiotics - cephalosporins
71
which disease do we give nebuliser adrenaline
croup
72
what type of stridor is the worst
when its very soft
73
hand foot and mouth disease is caused by
coxakie virus (belongs to enterovirus family)
74
values for positive ASO titre
>200
75
how to dx bronchiolotis + pneumonia
pneumonia - appear more toxic and higher fever and wheezing is not as predominant bronchiolotits- often a history of a viral
76
is there hyperinflation in CF
yes there can be
77
is CF associated with lung abscess
no abscess are uncommon in pedes and often causes by aspiration
78
asthmatic that improves then quickly detroriates
tension pneumothorax
79
1st line therapy ASTHMA
1. salbutwmal | 2. CS second line
80
mild croup | severe croup
mild - cs | severe - adrenaline
81
what kind of lung disease is CF most common lN affected TB
obstructive hilar, then cervical scrofula (submandibular)
82
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis flase negative TST
an exaggerated response to aspergillum occurigm most often in CF immunodeficiency (too weak to even mount a response) too early on in illness
83
Mantoux tets miliary tb diagnois
48-72 h liver or bone marrow bipsy
84
tb meningitis what can hilar lymphadenpathy cause
DEXAMTHESOSN initially air trapping and hyperinflation can also compress trachea and bronchi
85
FROSTED GLASS in which condition may TST be non reactive
PNEUMOCYSTIS miliary Tb due to anergy

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