Cardio/ Blood Drugs

Question 1

How does Abcixmab work?

Answer 1

GP IIb/ IIIa antagonist

Question 2

Name two IIb/ IIIa antagonists:

Answer 2

Abciximab

Tirofiban

Question 3

Name a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and how does it work?

Answer 3

Dipyridamole

Blocks the regarding of cAMP.
Increased cAMP reduces platelets responsiveness to ADP

Question 4

What enzymes does Warfarin inhibit and what is the consequence of this?

Answer 4

Vitamin K oxide reductase.

No formation of the Carboxy - glutamic acid residues that Ca2+ binds too.

Question 5

Name a IIa inhibitor:

Answer 5

Dabigatran

Question 6

What reverses Dabigatran?

Answer 6

Idarucizumab

Question 7

Name three Xa inhibitors:

Answer 7

Rivaroxaban

Eporoxaban

Apixaban

Question 8

What is the combination drug used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?

Answer 8

LCZ696

- Sacubitril/ Valsartan

Question 9

How does LCZ696 work?

Answer 9

Sacubitril - Inhibits Neprilysin - which degrades BNPs

Valsartan - Angiotensin II antagonist

Question 10

Name a cardio glycoside and how it works:

Answer 10

Digoxin

Blocks Na/K ATPase, increases Na2+ leading to Ca2+ increase = increasing force of contraction

Activates Vagal activity, slowing heart.

Question 11

Name some side effects of amiodarone:

Answer 11

• photosensitivity
• Hyperthyroidism/ Hypothyroidism
• corneal deposits
• hypersensitivity reactions

Question 12

List some side effects of statins:

Answer 12

Myalgia

Myopathy

Increased creatinine levels

Question 13

List some rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers:

Answer 13

Verapamil

Diltiazem

Question 14

Liste some non- rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers:

Answer 14

Amlodipine

Nifedipine

Felodipine

Question 15

What are rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers contraindicated in?

Answer 15

Heart failure

Left ventricular heart failure

Use with Beta blockers

Question 16

What is a common side effect of verapamil?

Answer 16

Constipation

Question 17

What is a common side effect of Diltiazem?

Answer 17

Ankle swelling

Question 18

What are common side effects in non-rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers?

Answer 18

Ankle swelling

Question 19

List some cardioselective beta blockers:

Answer 19

Bisoprolol

Atenolol

Question 20

Liste some non- cardioselective beta blockers:

Answer 20

Propranolol

Carvedilol

Question 21

How is alteplase Given?

Answer 21

basal bolus regimen

Question 22

How is tenecteplase administered?

Answer 22

Single bolus

Question 23

How is low molecular weight heparin administered?

Answer 23

Sub-cut

Question 24

Name two cardioselective Beta blockers:

Answer 24

Atenolol

Bisoprolol

Question 25

What is a side affects diabetics need to be careful off when using beta blockers?

Answer 25

Reduced hypoglycemia awareness

Question 26

What drugs must not be combined with beta blockers?

Answer 26

rate limiting Ca2+ blockers - verapamil and diltiazem

Question 27

Name two non cardioselective beta blockers: which of these may also act on beta 2 receptors?

Answer 27

propranolol Carvedilol - carvedilol

Question 28

Name two rate limiting Ca2+ blockers, how do they work and name main side effects of each: Name what they cannot be used in and name a drug they can't be used in combination with:

Answer 28

Verapamil Diltiazem work by block L-type calcium channels, causing: - dilation - negative inotropy - AV conduction slowing - negative chronological affect. Verapamil: Constipation and headache Diltiazem: GI upsets and ankle swelling Can't be used in heart failure - due to negative inotropic effect Can't be used with beta blockers

Question 29

What medication needs bloods checked every 2 weeks - monitoring electrolyte balance?

Answer 29

ACE inhibitors ACE can cause hyponatremia

Question 30

What is main side effect of nitrates and what advice can you give to patients?

Answer 30

Headaches - will reduce as time goes on with use. Take peroids off from the drug to avoid tolerance build up

Question 31

List some important side effects of amiodarone:

Answer 31

Photosensitivity skin reactions Corneal deposition Hyperthyroidism/ hypothyroidism - due to iodine content Hypersensitivity reaction

Question 32

What must be monitored in patients taking amiodarone?

Answer 32

Thyroid levels LFTS

Question 33

Where do thiazides work? and what drug may reduce their effectiveness?

Answer 33

Distal PCT NSAIDs

Question 34

Which beta blockers would be given for anxiety, post MI prophylactic therapy and migraine prophylaxis?

Answer 34

Non - cardio selective. Propranolol carvedilol

Question 35

Which drug has an indication for use in CKD?

Answer 35

ACE inhibitors

Question 36

Which drug class is contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 36

ACE inhibitors

Question 37

What drug class is heavily associated with venous ulceration?

Answer 37

ACE Inhibitors

Question 38

Which drugs are associated with hyperuricemia?

Answer 38

Loop diuretics