G.I infections

Question 1

What are the 6 major groups of E. Coli that cause G.I infection:

Answer 1

Enteropathogenic

Enterotoxigenic

Enterohaemorrhagic

Entero- invassive

Entero-aggregative

Diffuse Aggregative

Question 2

What is most typically associated with traveler’s diarrhoea?

if it requires treatment, how is it treated?

Answer 2

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

Heat Liable toxin
+/-
Heat Stable toxin

Ciprofloxacin

Question 3

What infection is caused by E.Coli 0157

Answer 3

Enterohaemorrhagic

Shigella like toxin

Question 4

How does Campylobacter jejuni cause infection?

Answer 4

Invassion into the G.I epithelium

Bloody diarrhoea

Question 5

What are some complications of salmonella enterica infection?

Answer 5

Osteomyelitis

Septic Athritis

Question 6

What bacteria causes dysentery?

Answer 6

Shigella Dysenteriae

Question 7

What types of serology are found on vibrio cholerae?

Answer 7

Serology 01

Serology 0139

Question 8

What is the incubation period of Staph Aureus infection of the G.I?

Answer 8

Short 30mins - 6 hours

perfuse vomiting

Question 9

What bacteria is usually associated with fried rice, cooled rice and produces heat stable spores?

Answer 9

Bacillus Cereus:

Emetic disease.

Question 10

What bacteria is often associated with bulk cooking, usually meat products, which have allow spores to germinate?

Answer 10

Clostridium Perfringens

Question 11

What severity markers are used to assess C. Diff?

Answer 11

Colonic dilation > 6cm

WCC > 15

Creatinine 1.5 x baseline

Temperture > 38

Immunosuppresion

Question 12

What bacteria is implicated in pregnant women and is often found in soft cheeses, coleslaw, unpasteurised milk?

Answer 12

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 13

How does listeria monocytogenes usually present?

Answer 13

Initially flu like symptoms:

2 weeks later:
Septicaemia
Meningitis

Question 14

Which bacteria can survive very cold temperatures, such as seen in the fridge?

Answer 14

Listeria m`onocytogenes

Question 15

What are the two toxins produced by S. Aureus?

Answer 15

enterotoxins type A & E

Question 16

Where are most the chlorea epidemics?

Answer 16

Africa

Asia

South america

Question 17

What lab techniques can be used to try and identify bacteria?

Answer 17

Enrichment broth
- to grow particularly bacteria

Selective media
- suppressing background flora

Differential media

• MacConkey’s media
• lactose fermenting

Question 18

What is the class of virus that the norovirus belongs too?

Answer 18

Calciviridae family

Question 19

What kind of virus is the norovirus?

Answer 19

positive sense, single stranded RNA

Question 20

What is the most common genotype of the norovirus?

Answer 20

GII - 4

Question 21

What kinda of virus is the rotavirus?

Answer 21

Double stranded RNA

Question 22

What are the main strains of rotavirus?

Answer 22

G1
G2
G3
G4
G9

Question 23

Whats the vaccine against rotavirus?

Answer 23

Rotarix

Question 24

What causes enteric fever?

Answer 24

Salmonella Typhi

Salmonella Paratyphi

Question 25

What are some complications of enteric fever?

Answer 25

Bowel perforation - Peyer patches hyperplasia Enteric Encephalopathy - dissemination of bacteria throughout Septic shock

Question 26

How do you treat enteric fever?

Answer 26

Cephalosporins - empirical therapy Quinolones

Question 27

How does vibro cholera cause diarrhoea?

Answer 27

Hydrolyses the mucus membrane

Question 28

What receptors mediate E. Coli binding to the gut?

Answer 28

Intimin Translocated itimin receptor

Question 29

What kinda of virus is the Adenovirus and what are the main sub types?

Answer 29

doubel stranded DNA 40 41

Question 30

How long is C.Diff treated for?

Answer 30

Metradindazole 10 days

Question 31

What is the treatment of C. Diff if there is any complications i.e. colonic dilation?

Answer 31

Vancomycin

Question 32

What antibiotics are most commonly associated with C.Diff infection?

Answer 32

Ciprofloxacin (all quinilones) Co-amoxiclav Clindamycin Cephalosporins

Question 33

How is syphilis diagnosed and how is it treated?

Answer 33

Dark field microscopy of chanres Serology of blood. Penicillin - via injection

Question 34

How is chlamydia diagnosed and how is it treated?

Answer 34

NAAT from swabs Doxycycline or azithromycin Should also treat for Gonorrhea as infections usually co-exist - ceftriaxone

Question 35

How is N. Gonorrhea treated?

Answer 35

Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin

Question 36

What bacteria that cause G.I infection are effected by acid? and what drugs can increase the risk of infection from them?

Answer 36

Salmonella Omeprazole

Question 37

Whats the most common infection of shigella? and what is the most severe infection of shigella?

Answer 37

Shigella Sonnei Shigella Dysenteriae