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Elliot Step 1 > Cardio Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio Drugs Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Regarding CHF, when can beta blockers be used?

A

Only in COMpensated chf

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2
Q

Beta blockers are contraindicated in 2 scenarios (at least 2)

A

Cardiogenic shock and decompensated chf

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3
Q

2 CCBs that act on cardiac muscle primarily

A

Verapail>diltiazem (Verapamil ventricle)

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4
Q

2 CCBs that act on vascular smooth muscle

A

Nifedipine and amlodipine

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5
Q

Medication used in Prinzmetals angina?

A

CCBs

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6
Q

Only CCB not used for arrhythmias?

A

Nifedepine

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7
Q

Toxicity of CCBs?

A

AV block; peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation

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8
Q

Drug that causes constipation, AV block and peripheral edema?

A

CCB

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9
Q

MOA of hydralazine?

A

Inc cGMP–>smooth muscle relaxation

Vasodilates arterioles> veins (afterload reduction)

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10
Q

Drug that inc cGMP?

A

Hydralazine, nitros, and nitroprusside

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11
Q

Lupus like symptoms with this cardiac drug?

A

Hydralazine and Procainamide

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12
Q

First line therapy for htn in pregnancy?

A

Hydralazine with methyldopa

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13
Q

Hydralazine is coadministered with what drug?

A

Beta blockers– to prevent reflex tachycardia

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14
Q

Drug causes headache, fluid retention, and compensatory tachycardia? When is drug contraindicated?

A

Hydralazine– contraindicated in angina/CAD

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15
Q

Drug contraindicated in angina/CAD?

A

Hydralazine

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16
Q

MOA of nitroprusside? Use?

A

Inc cGMP via direct release of NO– used in malignant hypertension– can cause cyanide poisoning (give nitrite and then thiosulfate)

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17
Q

MOA of Fenoldopam?

A

Dopamine D1 receptor agonist

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18
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate MOA?

A

release NO causing inc in cGMP– dilate veins» ateries–>dec preload

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19
Q

Side effects of Nitro?

A

Flushing; headache– causes monday disease in industrial exposure

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20
Q

Nifedipine is similar to blank; while verapimil is similar to blank?

A

Nifedipine is similar to nitrates

Verapamil is similar to Beta blockers

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21
Q

Partial agonists contraindicated in angina?

A

Pindolol and acebutolol

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22
Q

Causes muscle pain?

A

Statins and fibrates

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23
Q

Increases TG? i.e. not to be given to patient with high TG

A

Bile acid resins (cholestyramine; colestipol, colesevelam)

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24
Q

Prevents intestinal reabsorption of bile acids?

A

Cholestyramine; colestipol; colesevelam

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25
Causes hyperglycemia (lipid med)?
Niacin
26
Lipid med with great effect on HDL?
Niacin
27
Lipid med causes facial flushing. How is facial flushing treated?
Niacin-- facial flushing treated with aspirin
28
MOA of niacin (b3)?
Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue; reduces hepatic VLDL secretion into circulation
29
Lipid med causes gout?
Niacin
30
Statin directly blocks production of ?
Mevalonate
31
Lipid med that cause cholesterol stones?
Bile acid resins (cholestyramine; colestepol; colesevelam); AND Fibrates
32
Most effective in reducing TG? MOA?
Fibrates-- upregulate LPL-->TG clearance (LPL breaks down TG which are carried via chylomicrons)
33
Ezetimibe MOA? Side effects?
Prevents cholesterol uptake from gut. May increase LFTs
34
Lipid drugs that my increaes LFTs?
Statins; fibrates; and ezetimibe
35
Cardiac drug with cholinergic side effects including blurry yellow vision?
Glycosides
36
How do glycosides decrease heart rate? Use?
Via stimulation of vagus nerve-- used in Afib and CHF (not used for CHF with normal EF-- also Does NOT prolong life in patients with HF-- improves quality)
37
Antidotes for glycoside toxicity?
Magnesium; lidocain
38
Class 1 antiarrhythmics are state dependent-- what does this mean?
selectively depress tissue that is frequently depolarized
39
All class 1 block?
Na channel blockers
40
Class 1a drugs?
Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide
41
MOA of 1a?
Increase AP duration; inc ERP; inc QT interval
42
Causes headache and tinnitus?
Quinidine
43
1a drug toxicities?
Thrombocytopenia; torsades
44
1a drug that causes acute heart failure?
Disopyramide
45
Class 1B drugs? MOA?
Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Tocainide (I'd buy Lidy's mexican tacos) Decrease AP duration-- preferentially affects ischemic or depolarized tissue
46
Used for post MI arrhythmias?
1B-- lidocaine, mexiletine, Tocainide
47
Antiarrhythmic with CNS toxicity?
1B (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide); class II
48
1C drugs? MOA? Use?
Flecainide, propafenone-- do not increase AP duration Used for life threatening arrhythmias (significantly prolongs refractory period of AV node)
49
Contraindicated in post MI?
1C (flecainide and propafenone)
50
Class II drugs? MOA?
Beta blockers Decreases SA and AV nodal activity by dec cGMP, dec Ca2+ currents.--> suppresses slope of phase 4 (funny channel)-- AV node is particularly sensitive
51
Antiarrhythmic that may mask signs of hypoglycemia?
Beta blockers
52
Beta blocker that can cause dyslipidemia
Metoprolol
53
Class III? MOA?
Amiodoraone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol (AIDS) Class III AIDS in heart disease
54
Cardiac drug that causes blue/gray skin deposits resulting in photodermatitis?
Class III (Amiodorone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol)
55
Cardiac drug that causes hyperthyroidism?
Amiodarone
56
Things to watch out for when giving a patient amiodarone?
Liver; thyroid; and pulmonary
57
Cardiac drugs that prolong phase 3?
1a and class III
58
Corneal deposits-- arrhythmic drug?
amiodarone
59
Class IV antiarrhythmics?
Verapamil (also used for migraine headaches) and diltiazem
60
Cause constipation flushing and edema?
CCBs
61
Drugs that cause facial flushing?
Niacin, CCBs, Adenosine, and Nitro
62
MOA of adenosine?
Increases K+ outside of cells->hyperpolarizing the cells + decrease in incoming calcium. Used to abolish SVT
63
Adenosine effects are blocked by?
theophylline and caffeine
64
Drug that hyperpolarizes cell?
Adenosine

Elliot Step 1 (32 decks)

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