Micro Drugs Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
Fluoroquinolones MOA?
A
Block DNA topoisomerase
2
Q
Patient with strep is allergic to pencillin; What do you treat her with?
A
Macrolides
4
Q
Inhibits dehydropteroate synthase?
A
Sulfonamides
5
Q
Obstructed crystalline nephropathy?
A
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, famciclovir
6
Q
MOA of fluoroquinolones?
A
Inhibit DNA gyrase
7
Q
Metronidazole treats?
A
GET GAP on the Metro: Giardia; Entamoeba, Trichimonas; Garnderalla; Anaerobes (Cdiff and bacteroides); Hpylori (along with proton pump inhibitor; and clarithromycin)
8
Q
Used for history of recurrent UTIs
A
TMP SMX
11
Q
Endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures?
A
Penicillins
12
Q
Trypansoma brucei? What is trypansoma brucei?
A
suramin and melarsoprol; African sleeping sickness
13
Q
4 main uses of tetracycline?
A
Borrelia; M. pneumoniae; Very effective against Chlamydia and Rickettsia for its ability to accumulate intracellularly
14
Q
Pregnant woman with group B strep?
A
Ampicillin (may cause pseudomembranous colitis)
15
Q
Prevention of gonoccocal or chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborn?
A
Erythromycin ointment
16
Q
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase?
A
Rifampin
17
Q
All drugs that end in “navir?”
A
Protease inhibitors
18
Q
Drug used for Staph Aureus?
A
Nafcillin (use Naf for Staph); Oxacillin, dicloxacillin
18
Q
NRTI that is a nucleoTide and therefore does not need to be activated?
A
Tenofovir
19
Q
Inhibits D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors?
A
Vancomycin
19
Q
This molecule converts Flucytosine to 5 FU
A
cystosine deaminase
19
Q
Protein synthesis inhibitor that requires O2 for uptake?
A
Aminoglycosides
20
Q
Patient presents with gynecomastia and liver dysfunction 1 week after starting a medication to treat his coccioides infection.
A
Azoles! cause gynecomastia
21
Q
Damages DNA?
A
Metronidazole
21
Q
Trimethoprim MOA?
A
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reducatase
21
Q
MOA of caspofungin and micafungin?
A
inhibit synthesis of beta glucan; used for invasive aspergilossis and candida May cause flushing due to histamine release
22
Q
Nifurtimox?
A
treats trypanosoma cruzi
22
MOA of macrolides?
blocks translocation by binding to the 23S rRNA-- macroslides
22
Antibiotic that causes aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol (blocks peptidyl transferase)
22
Causes ototoxicity during preg?
Aminoglycosides
24
Metronidazole MOA?
Damages DNA
24
Trypanosoma cruzi?
nifurtimox
25
Inhibits squalene epoxidase?
Terbinafine
26
Drug with high risk of seizures; only used in life threatening situations?
Carbapenems (Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem)-- cn also get skin rash and GI distress
26
Causes a disulfiram like reaction with alcohol?
Metronidazole
27
MOA of macrolides?
Blocks 50S and protein synthesis by blocking translocation; thought to block peptidyl transferase
28
Patient is started on Isoniazid. How can she prevent neurotoxicity and lupus?
Pyridoxine b6
28
Treats dermatophytoses; what is side effect?
Terbinafine; may cause abnormal LFTs and visual disturbances
29
Toxicity and MOA of chloroquine
Retinopathy; blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin
29
Oseltamivir?
Inhibits influenza neuraminidase
30
Clindamycin uses?
Anaerobes above the diaphragm (metronidazole is anaerobes below the diaphragm)
31
Meningococcal infection?
Cipro for adults; Rifampin for children
32
Blocks 50s from binding during ribosomal assembly?
Linezolide
33
Blocks DNA topoisomerase?
Fluoroquinolones
33
Syphilis
Penicillin G
33
Blocks mRNA synthesis?
Rifampin
34
3 Macrolides?
Azithromycin; calrithromycin; erythromycin
34
Cause tendon rupture, leg cramps and myalgias?
FluoroquinoLONES hurt attachments to your BONES; also cause GI upset, skin rashes, headache and dizziness
35
CD4 count of
TMP-SMX-- to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia
37
Fluoroquinolones?
everything that ends in "oxacin"; mostly floxacin (think ciprofloxacin)
37
Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds pyrophosphate binding site of enzyme-- does not require viral kinase?
Foscarnet-- pyroFosphate analog
38
Inhibits influenza neuroaminidase?
Zanamivir and oseltamivir
39
Used to treat ringworm?
Girseoflvin; interferes with microtubule function; disrupts mitosis
39
Causes cartilage damage during pregnancy?
fluroquinolones
40
Antibiotic that causes discoloration of teeth?
Tetracycline
42
Beta lactamase inhibitors?
CAST-- Clavulanic Acid; Sulbactam; Tazobactem
42
Sulbactem and Tazobactem?
Beta lactamase inhibitors (CAST)
42
Side effect of Ribavirin?
Hemolytic anemia
43
CD4
Azithromycin (mycobacterium avium complex)
45
Extended spectrum penicillin?
Amoxicillin and ampicillin (amoxocillin has greater oral bioavailability)
46
suffix "penem"
carbapenems-- only used for life threatening cases due to inc risk for seizures (except for meropenem which has reduced risk of seizure)
47
Treatment of pneumocystis?
TMP-SMX; pentamidine
48
Clindamycin MOA?
Blocks peptide transfer
49
May cause pseudomembrouns colitis
Ampicillin or clindomycin
50
Chloramphenicol uses?
Meningitis (Haemophilus; Neisseria, Strep) in developing countries because of low cost; has lots of side effects including gray baby syndrome, aplastic anemia, anemia,
51
Drug for Borrelia?
Tetracycline and ceftriaxone
51
Treatment of legionella?
Macrolides
52
Bacitracin MOA?
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
52
Pt. presents with hearing difficulties, pain and swelling of arm, with diffuse flushing
Red man syndrome-- caused by VancomycinOtoxoticity, nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis, diffush
52
Treatment of leprosy?
Dapsone+ rifampine (first 6 months) + (clofazimine for 2-5 years)
53
Where is pyrainamide most effective?
In acidic pH of phagolysosomes, where TB engulfed by macrophages is found
54
Ceftazidime?
Used for pseudomonas; Cephalosporin
54
NNRTIs?
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine, zidovudine, tenofovir
55
Treats anaerobic infections below the diaphragm?
Metronidazole
56
MOA of Sulfonamides?
PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
57
Use of fluoroquinolones?
Mostly gram negative rods of urinary and gi tracts including pseudomonas
57
Uses of Acyclovir?
HSV and VZV-- no activity against EBV
58
Inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking?
Penicilin
61
Vancomycin MOA?
Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
62
Have low cross reactivity with penicillin?
cephalosporin
62
Zanamivir?
Inhibits influenza neuroaminidase
64
Block peptidoglycan synthesis?
Bacitracin and vancomycin
65
Interferes with microtubule function; disrupts mitosis?
Girseofulvin; deposits in keratin containing tissues; used for superficial infections; tinea, ringworm
65
Integrase inhibitors?
Raltegravir
66
History of recurrent UTIs
TMP-SMX
68
Side effect of cephalosporins? 2
Vit K deficiency and increases nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
69
Penicillinase resistant penicillins?
Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin (due to bulky R group that blocks access of Beta lactamase)
70
Trimethoprim MOA?
Block nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis
70
4 drugs used for TB?
Ethambutol Pyrazinamide Rifampin Isoniazid
71
May cause red-green color blindness?
Ethambutol (used for TB)
73
drug for haemophilus and proteus?
ampicillin and amoxicillin HELPSS
74
Mean GNATS caNNOT kill anaerobes
AMEANOglycosides: gentamicin; neomycin; amikacin; tobramycin; streptomycin) and CAuse nephrotoxicity; neuromuscular blockade; otoxocity; teratogen Require O2 for uptake
75
Antifungal that causes bone marrow suppression?
Flucytosine
76
INH toxicity?
INH; Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes; Pyridoxine can prevent neurotoxicity
78
Do not take this antibiotic with Milk or iron containing products?
Tetracycline-- forms a divalent cation that cannot be absorbed by gut
78
Competitively inhibits IMP dehydrogenase leading to inhibition of guanine nucleotides?
Ribavirin
80
Treatment for simple UTI?
SMX
81
Treats toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine
83
Always used with imipenem to decrease inactivation of drug in renal tubules?
Cilastatin
84
CD4 count of
TMP SMX-- to prevent pneumocystis and toxoplasmosis
86
Macrolide Toxicity
MACRO: Motility issues, Arrhythmias (Torsades), Cholestatic hepatitis, Rash, eOsinophilia
87
Tetracycline toxicities: 5
Discoloration of teeth; inhibition of bone growth in children; photosensitivity; GI--- also teratogenic
89
Used for meningitis and gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone
90
Use for pseudomonas?
Ticarcillin/piparacillin--use with clavulanic acid AND Ceftazidime (celine has pseudomonas)
91
Patient presents with jaundice, fatigue, and upper left quadrant pain after being treated for an infection. Possible disease and medication?
Penicillin and Hemolyic anemia
92
Interferon toxicity?
Myopathy and neutropenia
93
increases nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides?
Cephalosporins
93
Aztreonam: MOA? and Use?
Monobactem that prevents peptidoglycan cross linking by binding to PBP3; and used for gram negative rods only; for people with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides and people who are allergic to penicillin-- is synergistic with aminoglycosides
93
Drug for M. pneumoniae?
Tetracycline
93
MOA of chloramphenicol?
Blocks peptidyl transferase at 50S
93
What does INH need in order to be converted to its active metabolite?
KatG
94
TB drug that causes hyperuricemia?
Pyrazinamide
95
Increases warfarin metabolism?
Griseofulvin
97
Antibiotic causes gray baby syndrome?
Chloramphenicol-- babies lack UDP glucuronyl transferase
98
MOA of INH?
decreases synthesis of mycolic acids; Bacterial catalase peroxidase (KatG)
99
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin; neomycin; amikacin; tobramycin; streptomycin Inhibits initiation complex and causes misreading of mRNA
101
Block nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis?
Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
103
May cause acute tubular necrosis?
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin)
104
MOA of chloromphenicol?
Block peptidyl transferase (50s)
105
MOA of ethambutol?
Used in TB; decrease carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase
106
Chloroquine use?
Plasmodium other than falciparum
107
Prodrug of acyclovir?
Valacyclovir-- side effects are hallucinations and seizures
109
Linezolide MOA?
blocks initiation (blocks linitiation)
110
Inhibits viral dna polymerase-- does not require viral kinase?
Foscarnet and Cidofovir
112
Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
114
Antibiotic that leaves metallic taste in mouth?
Metronidazole
115
How is ganciclovir activated?
5' monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase Triphosphate formed by cellular kinases---- Both inhibit viral dna polymerase
117
Sulfonamides MOA?
Block nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis
119
Uses for ampicillin amoxicillin?
ampcillin/amoxicillin HELPSS kill; (Hinfluenza; E.coli; listeria; Proteus; salmonella; shigella) enterococci
119
Forms free radical toxic metabolites?
Metronidazole
121
Used for C. diff and multidrug resistant gram positives?
Vancomycin
123
Drug for Ecoli and lIsteria?
ampicillin/amoxicillin HELPSS
124
Causes CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients? and used for acyclovir resistant hsv?
Cidofovir
126
Amphotericin B: MOA? toxicity?
Binds ergosterol forming pores that allow leakage of electrolytes Fever/chills; hypotension; nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, anemia, IV phlebitis; Liposomal amphotericin reduces toxicity
127
4 R's of Rifampin?
Rna polymerase inhibitor Revs up microsomal p450 Red/orange body fluids Rapid resistance if used alone
128
Macrolide uses?
Atypical pneumonia, STDs, gram positive cocci-- strep infections in patients allergic to penicillin
129
Can cause kernicterus?
Sulfanomides
131
Penicillin mostly used for?
Gram positive and N. meningitidis, Treponema and Syphilis
131
Vit K deficiency?
Cephalosporin
132
Blocks 30S ribosomal subunit?
Aminoglycoside and Tetracycline
133
Drug that causes pseudomembranous colitis?
Clindamycin
135
Trimethroprim toxicity?
TMP: Treats Marrow Poorly: megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
136
Block 50S ribosomal subunit
Macrolides, Clindamycine, Streptogramins, linezolid, Chloramphenicol
138
Prevention of postsurgical infection due to S. aureus?
Cefazolin
138
Blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin?
Chloroquine-- resistance due to membrane pump that decreases intracellular concentration of drug
140
Blocks A site preventing binding of aminoacyl tRNA?
Tetracyclines 30s d
141
Penicillin MOA?
Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross linking-- by binding penicillin binding proteins (transpeptidases)
142
treatment of Vancomycin resistant bacteria?
Linezolid and streptogramins and tigecycline
143
Uses of Trimethoprim?
Pneumocystis, shigella, salmonella
144
Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem
Carbapenem-- Beta lactamase resistant
145
Ribavirin?
Inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
146
Binds 23S rRNa of 50S ribosomal subunit?
Macrolides
147
MOA of Rifampin?
Inhibit DNA dependent RNA polymerase
149
NRTI used during pregnancy to reduce risk of HIV transmission?
ZDV-- zidovudine
150
Inhibit DNA gyrase?
Fluoroquinolones
152
Treats lung abscesses
Clindamycin
153
Prevents staph aureus wound infections prior to surgery?
Cefazolin-- 1st generation cephalosporin
154
ADH antagonist that is rarely used as an antibiotic
Demeclocycline-- used for SIADH; tetracycline (demeCLO will make you GO)
155
Metronidazole
forms free radical toxic metabolites
156
Used for candida?
Caspofungin or micafungin; may cause flushing due to histamine release
157
Pt treated for staph aureus. Possible drug toxicity of the drug used to treat her?
Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin-- interstitial nephritis
157
Drug for Chlamydia?
Tetracycline
159
Inhibits DNA polymerase by chain termination?
Acyclovir-- needs to be phophorylated by thymidine kinase in order to work
160
Fluoroquinolones should not be taken with?
antacids
161
HIV drug that may cause hypercholesterolemia?
Raltegravir
162
Prevents peptidoglycan cross linking by binding to PBP3
Aztreonam
164
Tetracycline: MOA? Limits?
1) Bacteriostatic; binds to 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA2) Limited CNS penetration3) Can be used in patients with renal failure--excreted fecally
165
Antiviral and antifungal that are teratogenic?
Griseofulvin and Ribavirin
166
Used for gram negative rods in patients who due to renal insufficiency cannot tolerate aminoglycosides or are penicillin allergic
Aztreonam
167
Treats leishmaniasis?
Sodium stibogluconate
168
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase?
Trimethroprim
169
Block peptidyl transferase at 50S?
Macrolides and Chloramphenicol
170
Interferes with proofreading process of translation, initiation, and translocation?
Aminoglycosides 30s
171
Blocks arabinosyltransferase?
Ethambutol
172
Used for oral candidiasis?
Nystatin (same as amphotericin B; topical form; too toxic to swallow)
173
Block peptidyl transferase?
Chloramphenicol
174
Gray baby?
Chloramphenicol
175
Terbinafine MOA?
Inhibits squalene reductase
176
Causes kernicterus during preg?
Sulfonamides
177
Azoles: MOA? Toxicity?
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis Blocks testosterone synthesis (gynecomastia); and liver dysfunction
178
Binds gp41
Enfuvirtide
179
Binds CCR5 and inhibits interaction with gp120
Mariviroc
