Micro Cards Flashcards
(311 cards)
1
Q
Cellulitis?
A
Pasteurella
2
Q
undulant fever?
A
Brucella
3
Q
Unpasteurized dairy?
A
Brucella; listeria; campylobacter
4
Q
Dairy products and dogs? treat with?
A
Yersenia– aminoglycosides with tetracycline; bipolar staining
5
Q
Puppies and bloody diarrhea?
A
Campylobacter
6
Q
Cat scratch disease? Treatment?
A
Bartonella; macrolides and doxycycline
7
Q
Casseating granulomas and painful ulcers?
A
Francisella– from rabbits (think of radishes underground in video)
8
Q
Aerosols of cattle; no rash; fever; pneumonia
A
Q fever; Coxiella
9
Q
Osteomyelitis and cellulitis?
A
Pasteurella
10
Q
Gray vaginal discharge
A
Gardnerella
11
Q
Clue cells
A
Gardnerella
12
Q
Gray discharge– pH?
A
Between 5-6.5
13
Q
Treatment of gray discharge?
A
Gardnerella– metronidazole
14
Q
+ whiff test plus clue cells?
A
Gardnerella
15
Q
Patchy infiltrates on X ray but patient not in bad shape?
A
Mycoplasma pneumonia
16
Q
IgM cold agglutinins?
A
Mycoplasma pneumonia
17
Q
Bacteria with no cell wall+ eatons agar?
A
Mycoplasma pneumonia
18
Q
Treatment of bacteria that causes patchy infiltrates on xray in patient with fever, headache, non productive cough?
A
Mycoplasma pneumonia required macrolides or fluoroquinolones
19
Q
Only bacteria with cholesterol in cell membrane?
A
Mycoplasma
20
Q
Rash that starts at wrist treatment?
A
Rickettsia rickettsii– RMSF– doxycycline (Rickets tires)
21
Q
Weil felix agglutination test- this bacteria requires what cofactors
A
CoA(ch) and NAD+ (name of drink)
22
Q
Causes vasculitis– treatment?
A
Rocky mountain spotted fever– doxycycline
23
Q
Rash that starts on wrist– spread via?
A
Dermatick–RMSF (dermacenter)
24
Q
Spread by louse?
A
Rickettsia prowazekii (throwing around louse football)
25
Rash starts out centrally and spread out sparing face, palms and soles- requires what substances to proliferate?
R. prowazekii-- NAD+ (name of drink) and CoA (CH)
26
Palm sole rash Ddx: 3?
CARS: Coxsackie a infection; RMSF; Syphilis-- drive CARS using palms and soles
27
Myalgias, pneumonia, centrally located rash-- requires?
Prowazekii; NAD+ and CoA
28
Berry like inclusions in cytoplasm?
Ehrlichiosis (monocytes with morula)
29
Monocytes with morula
Ehrlichiosis (berry like inclusions)
30
Histology of Ehrlichiosis?
Monocytes with morula
31
Histology of Anaplasmosis?
Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm
32
Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm?
Anaplasmosis
33
No arthropod vector, no rash, fever, hepatitis
Coxiella (Curly Q)-- think of cow with liver painted on
34
Cannot make own ATP; STD?
Chlamydia
35
Chlamydia replication?
Replicate in reticulate body; and infect via elementary body
36
Elementary body?
Chlamydia's enfectious form
37
Joint pain; sexually active; conjunctivitis-- treatment?
Chlaymydia-- treat with macrolide (favored due to one time dose) or doxycycline (ceftriaxone to cover gonorrhaea)
38
Leading cause of blindness world wide?
Chlamydia A-C (blind pirate)
39
Chlamydia is missing what in cell wall?
Muramic acid-- so treat with macrolide
40
Cytoplasmic inclusion seen on giemsa stain? Treatment?
Chlamydia-- macrolides or doxy
41
lacks Muramic acid in cell wall-- blindness?
Chlamydia
42
Short sudden bursts of coughing, watery discharge from vagina-- ?
Chlamydia D-K-- staccato cough
43
Enlarged lymph nodes in groin area-- start off painless and become painful?
Lymphogranuloma venereum L1-L3
44
Variable gram stain?
Gardnerella--treat with KOH prep
45
Stages 1,2,3 of lyme disease?
1) erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye)-- flu like sx2) Cardiac block with bells palsy3) Musculoskeletal (arthritis) and neurologic (encephalitis and polyneuropathy)
46
Host of child tick lyme disease?
Mouse
47
Host of adult tick in Lyme disease?
Deer
48
Central clearing rash-- tick? what else uses this tick?
Ixode; Babesia is also carried by Ixode tick
49
AV nodal block after camping trip a few months ago--? Treatment?
Doxy (Robbin hood on cycle shooting bow)Lyme disease
50
Stain for lyme disease?
Wright stain (Sir Wright) and Giemsa
51
Reddening of eyes but no exudate?-- found in?
Leptospira interrogans-- water contaminated with animal urine (Think surfer)
52
Jaundice, fever, question mark shaped bacteria?
Leptospira
53
Leptospira looks like on histology?
Question mark-- duh it's a spirochete
54
Bug that can cause kidney dysfunction; found in urine contaminated water?
Leptospira
55
Jaundice, azotemia, fever, hemorrhage, and anemia?
Leptospira-- Weil's disease (think Whale) (surfer, with kidney, RBCs)
56
Weil's disease?
icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis-- severe form of jaundice and azotemia associated with leptospira infection
57
Painless genital ulcer? screen with? confirm with?
Syphilis; screen with VDRL; confirm with FTA-ABS
58
Immune response of syphilis?
Th1 even though Treponema is extracellular
59
Condyloma lata
Treponema
60
Condyloma accumulata
HPV
61
Hallmark of tertiary syph?
Gummas (chronic granulomas)
62
Tabes dorsalis causes neuro issues in wha tpart of spinal cord?
Dorsal column
63
Tertiary syphilis may have what cardiac affect?
Aortitis dt vaso vasorum destruction
64
Charcot joints
Tertiary syph-- degeneration of weight bearing joints
65
Positive Romberg test + funny acting pupils
Tertiary syphilis
66
Rash in syphilis is?
Palms and soles (also seen in coxsackie A, rickettsia)-- drive CARS with palms and soles
67
Anterior convexing tibia in newborn?
Congential syph-- saber shins
68
Saddle nose?
Congenital syph
69
Teeth in congenital syph (2)?
mulberry molars and hutchinson teeth
70
Placental transmission of syph usually occurs when?
First trimester
71
Tree barking aorta?
Tertiary syphilis-- vaso vasorum destruction leads to aortitis
72
Causes false positive in VDRL syph test?
Viruses (mono, hep); Drugs; Rheumatic fever; Lupus, leprosy
73
Another screening test for syph other than VDRL?
RPR
74
Cause of reaction that begins after treatment of syphilis?
Killed bacteria releases pyrogens-- Jarisch Herxheimer reaction
75
Maculopapular rash (5)
Measles, Rubella, Scarlet fever, Syphilis, Parvo B19
76
Rash caused by Rubella?
Maculopapular
77
Rash caused by Scarlet fever?
Maculopapular
78
Rash caused by Syphilis?
Maculopapular
79
Cranial nerve defect in congenital syph?
Deafness (8)
80
Baby born with weird teeth and deaf?
Syph
81
Gram positive abscess formation?
Staph aureus
82
Protein A virulence factor?
Staph aureus
83
Virulence factor of Staph?
Protein A
84
Mechanism of protein A
binds Fc-IgG inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis--- STAPH
85
Treatment of resistant strains of gm+ organism with protein A virulence factor?
Vancoymycin (staph)
86
Mech of TSST superantigen?
binds MHCII and TCR resulting in polyclonal t cell activation (Staph)
87
Widespread formation of fluid filled blisters with formation of blisters within minutes of rubbing skin?
Staph-- caused by exfoliative toxin (scalded skin)
88
Bunch of people at picnic get sick from potato salad-- toxin?
Staph-- Enterotoxin
89
Fever, vomiting, desquamating rash, dec blood pressure?
TSST superantigen found in Staph- binds mhcII and TCR resulting in polyclonal t cell activation
90
Pneumonia with patchy infiltrates
M. pneumonia or Staph
91
staph is resistant to ?
Beta lactams because of altered penicillin binding protein
92
Beta hemolytic coagaulase and catalase+?
Staph
93
Causes acute bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users?
staph
94
Staph aureus food poisoning is caused by ingestion of?
preformed toxin
95
Common cause of osteomyelitis; gm+
staph
96
Post viral bacterial pneumonia?
Staph
97
Bug that infects prosthetic devices-- MOA?
Produces adherent biofilms
98
Novobiocin sensitive?
staph epi
99
novobiocin resistant?
staph saprophyticus
100
Staph saprophyticus can cause?
UTIs in sexually active women
101
Treatment of staph epi
Vancomycin (think Van behind plumber)
102
alpha hemolytics?
pneumoniae and viridans
103
Optochin sensitive?
strep pneumo
104
Quellung positive group A
strep pneumo
105
Optochin resistant?
strep viridans
106
Can cause dental carries?
Strep mutans which is part of viridan group
107
Can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis at damaged valves?
Viridans--s. sanguis
108
MOA of sanguis?
Sticks to damaged valves by making glycocalyx
109
Susceptible in sickle cell disease to what bacteria?
Strep pneumo
110
Strep pneumo causes?
MOPS; meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis
111
Lancet shaped diploccoi
strep pneumo
112
Rusty sputum
strep pneumo
113
Strep pneumo virulence?
Capsule-- NOT VIRULENT WITHOUT CAPSULE
114
Treatment of strep pneumo?
Cetriaxone and macrolides (axes and birds at knight tournament)
115
Strep pneumo vaccine in adults produces?
IgM response
116
Strep pneumo vaccine in children produces?
IgG response
117
Virulence factor of rheumatic fever? MOA?
M protein (m on bakers hat)-- inhibits phagocytosis and creates molecular mimicry against mitral valve
118
Bacitracin sensitive?
strep pyogenes
119
Detection of recent pyogenes infection?
ASO titer
120
Widspread rash sparing the face; pharyngitis?
Scarlet fever
121
Honey crusted lesions?
strep pyogenes-- impetigo
122
Causes lyses of RBC, gm+ catalase negative
Streptolysin O in strep pyogenes
123
Jones criteria of rheumatic fever?
Joints (first thing); heart (shape); nodules (subcutaneous); erythema marginatum; sydenhams chorea
124
Strep pyogenes causes 3 main things and subtypes
1) pyogenic: pharyngitis; cellulitis; impetigo2) Toxigenic: scarlet fever; toxic shock like syndrome; necrotizing fasciitis3) Immunologic: rheumatic fever; acute glomerulonephritis (cola colored urine)
125
Capsule in strep pyogenes is made of ?
Hyaluronic acid
126
Impetigo in strep pyogenes generally preceeds?
Glomerulonephritis
127
Job of streptokinase?
Activates circulating plasminogen to plasmin to degrade clots
128
Superantigen in strep pyogenes?
exotoxin A
129
Bacitracin resistant?
Strep agalactiae
130
Strep agalactiae produces what?
CAMP factor-- enlarges area of hemolysis formed by s. aureus
131
CAMP factor
strep agalactiae
132
#1 cause of neonatal meningitis?
strep agalactiae
133
when do we screen for group B strep
35 weeks
134
Pregnant mom with strep agalactie-- what do you do?
treat with penicillin
135
Test for strep agalactiae?
hippurate (think of hippo on ground in galactic baby scene)
136
Hippurate positive
strep agalactiae
137
Penicillin G resistant and cause UTIs
Enterococcus
138
Biliary tract infections-- bug?
Enterococcus-- salmonella typhi also causes gallbladder problems I believe
139
grow in bile and NaCl
Enterococcus
140
Growth in bile and not NaCl
Strep bovis
141
Enteroccus faecalus is ?
More common and less dangerous
142
Enterococcus faecium
Less common more dangerous (think of scary guy carrying sign that says No more FEES)
143
Patient presents with biliary tract infection-- what can we grow his bug sample on?
enterococcus-- grow on bile and nacl
144
Treatment of enterococcus resistant to Vanco?
Tigecycline and Linezolid (think TIGer police tape and LINE around parameter)
145
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease?
salmonella
146
Osteomyelitis in teens
Neisseria--sexually active
147
Osteomyelitis in diabetics of IV drugs users
Pseudomonas
148
Osteomyelitis leading to vertebral body problems
Pott disease-- tuberculosis
149
Virulence of C. diptheriae
exotoxin inhibits ADP riBOWsalation of EF-2
150
psuedomembranous pharyngitis
corynbacterium diptheriae
151
Myocarditis and arrhythmias gm+ rod
Corynebacterium diptheria
152
Metachromatic blue and red granules
Corynebacerium diptheriae
153
Eleks test
Corynebacterium diptheriae
154
Test for toxin in corynebacterium diptheriae?
Eleks
155
How is diptheria spread?
through respiratory droplets (think bull with droplets coming out of nose and eyes)
156
Club shaped
corynebacterium (think morracas in bull fight)
157
Chinese character bacteria?
Corynebacterium
158
Teleuride and loughlers medium
Corynbacterium (Tele and Laughing)
159
Spores are composed of what?
dipicolinic acid at the core
160
Clostridia specias are...bacilli?
obligate anaerobic bacilli
161
MOA of tetanus toxin?
Protease that cleaves releasing proteins (SNARES) for neurotransmitters
162
Protease that cleaves snares?
Tetanus or botulinum
163
Tetanus blocks which two NT?
GABA and glycine (inhibitory neurotransmitters)
164
Two inhibitor neurotransmitters? Vaccine binds?
GABA and glycine-- blocked in c. tetani
| Vaccine binds toxoid
165
GABA and glycine are released from which cells?
Renshaw (monkey with wrench)
166
Renshaw cells?
C. tetani-- renshaw cells release gaba and glycine which are inhibitory neurotransmitters
167
Risus sardonicus
C. tetani
168
Opisthonos
Overarching of back seen in C tetani
169
C. botulinum inhibits?
ACh release at neuromuscular junction
170
Adult disease in c botulinum is caused by
preformed toxin!
171
Child disease in c botulinum is caused by?
spores
172
2 month old presents with paralysis of arms that started in face, drooping eyes
C. botulinum caused by the spore of honey or canned goods
173
Lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, membranous stuff on pharynx
corynebacteria
174
Produced alpha toxin? whats in alpha toxin
C perfringens-- lecithinase (a phospholipase)
175
Toxin produced by c perfringens? whats in toxin?
Alpha toxin--lecithinase (phospholipase)
176
Myonecrosis and hemolysis?
C perfringens
177
Double zone of hemolysis on blood agar?
C perfringens
178
Person working on a farm develops myonecrosis
C. perfringens--spore found in soil
179
Where is C. perfringens found?
soil
180
C perfringens associated with what type of accident?
motorcycle accidents
181
Two toxins of C. diff and functions of toxins
Toxin A= enterotoxin; binds to brush border (think choc. factory brushing choc on apples (a)) of gutToxin B= Cytotoxin; destroys cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes-->pseudomembranous colitis
182
pseudomembranous colitis
C diff
183
C diff usually secondary to use of which antibiotic?
Clindamycin or ampicillin
184
How do we detect C. diff?
Toxins in stool (NOT BACTERIA)
185
Treatment of C. diff?
Vanco or metronidazole (think Van and metro in chocolate factory)
186
Bacteria with polypeptide capsule? what does it contain?
Anthrax-- contains D glutamate (poly D symbol on viking chest)
187
D glutamate capsule?
Anthrax
188
Black painless eschar?
Anthrax
189
Rods and chains bacteria?
Anthrax
190
Pulmonary hemorrhage, fever-- what else would we see? How does one get this?
Anthrax-- see mediastinitis (think shape of ax with blood on it); transmitted via spores from contaminated wool (wool on armor)
191
Edema factor-->?
Increased cAMP (via Ca2+)--> increase in fluid-->helps bug evade phagocytosis-- bacillas anthracis
192
Lethal factor-->?
Snips off N-terminus of MAPK-- bacillas anthrax
193
Two enzymes of Anthrax?
Edema factor and Lethal factor
194
Treatment of Anthrax?
Fluoroquinolones and doxycyline (think of flower on vikings shoulder along next to tire on boat)
195
Toxin of bacillus cereus?
Cereulide-- preformed toxin
196
watery, nonbloody diarrheam GI pain, reheated food
B. cereius-- cereulide toxin
197
How does listeria move?
via actin rockets (rocket on christmas); tumbling motility (Santa tumbling down fireplace
198
cat+; gm+ rod; beta hemolytic
Listeria
199
Granulomatosis infantiseptica?
Listeria
200
Treat Listeria with?
Ampicillin in infants (AMP with guitar for christmas)
201
Actinomyces?
Gm+ aNaerobe (think soldier with gas mask); filamentous branching rods
202
Nocardia?
gm+ aerobe (bellow
203
Gm+ filamentous branching rods?
actinomyces and nocardia
204
Oral and facial abscesses that form yellow sulfur granules
actinomyces (soldier with facial abscesses)-- drain through sinus tracts
205
Patient presents with oral abscess after dental work?
Actinomyces (yellow sulfur granules-- yellow sand in israel)
206
Treatment of actinomyces?
Penicillin G-- think of israeli solider with pencilin against tree
207
Pulmonary infection in cancer patient. bug is found in soil?
Nocardia (no card game for old men); acid fast (mycolic acids)
208
HIV patient undergoes a bicycling accident and develops indurated lesions on the skin; bug is acid fast; how would we treat him?
Nocardia causes cutaneous infections in immunocompromised after trauma--- TREAT with Sulfonamides (eggs on counter in no card game for old men contains lot of sulfonamides)
209
6 causes of osteomyelitis
1) Staph
2) N. gonorrhaea
3) Salmonella--sickle cell disease
4) Pseudomonas
5) Pasteurella
6) TB
210
Connection between sickle cell and osteomyelitis
Salmonella can cause osteomyelitis in sickle cell patient
211
Budding yeast in macrophages?
Histoplasmosis-- bird or bat droppings-- mississippi ohio river valley
212
Broad based bud
Blastomycosis-- east of mississippi; forms granulomas; pneumonia; ulcerating pimple
213
Patient from North Carolina presents with pneumonia and ulcerating pimple-- fungi?
Blastomycosis
214
HIV patient presents with pulmonary infection, arthralgias and rash. He's from New mexico-- describe the organism?
Coccidioidomycosis-- thick walled spherule with endospores-- southwestern US
215
Thick walled spherules with endospores?
Coccidioidomycosis-- cutaneous lesions; pulmonary infections
216
Budding yeast with central circle
Paracoccidioidomycosis
217
Patient complains of a rash that develops after she comes back from the beach. On KOH prep there is a stringy clumpy appearance-- disease and process?
Malassezia furfur-- degradation of fats produce acids that damage the melanocytes and cause hypopigmentation. The suntan made the hypopigmentation more noticeable
218
Pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20C
Aspergillas
219
Drug user develops endocarditis on tricuspid valve. Organism exhibits germ tubes when grown at 37C--organism? Treatment?
Candida-- amphotericin B for systemic disease; fluconazole for oral/esophageal.
220
Candida-- random facts
Increased risk of infection with candida in patient with neutropenia; pseudohypae at 20c; germ tubes at 37c
221
Patient who is a farmer says he is deficient in NADPH oxidase and Asthma. He presents with wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath-- describe organism?
Aspergillus-- 45 degrees; not dimorphic; Causes allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; grown on vegitation
May cause aspergillomas in lung cavities
Aspergillus most common in immunocompromised and those with CGD
222
45 degree branching and radiating chains of spores
Aspergillus-- seen in farmers because grows on vegetables; looks like stalk with colorful round thing at the end
223
Aspergillus produce aflatoxin which is associated with?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
224
HIV patient living on the streets presents with meningitis. The organism stains with India ink. What agar would you use? What woudl latex agglutination test detect? What will you see in brain
Cryptococcus-- Sabourauds agar; latex would show polysaccharide capsular antigen; has large capsule
See soap bubble lesions in brain
225
Treatment of cryptococcus?
Flucanozole
226
Patient presents with slow deep breaths, purulent discharge, black eschar on face, and orbital pain. Organism? Treatment?
Mucor and Rhizopus-- branch at 90 degrees.
Most common in ketoacidotic diabetic (the fungi likes ketones and glucose)
Penetrates the cribriform plate and enters brain.
Treat with amphotericin b
227
Fungi that affects paranasal sinuses?
Mucor Rhizopus
228
HIV patient presents with interstitial pneumonia. How is the organism spread?
Pneumocystis jirovecii is spread via inhalation
229
Disc shaped yeast forms on methenamin silver stain of lung?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
230
Treatment of pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
231
Child dives into a bunch of bushes at home to catch a football. He develops reddish pinkish round nodules on his arm. Organism? Describe organism?Treatment
Sporothrix Schenckii-- rose gardners disease; caused by prick from thorn. Grows on vegetation. Dimorphic cigar shaped budding yeast; forms subQ nodules
Treat with itraconazole or potassium iodide (Plant Rose in the pot)
232
Dimorphic, budding yeast, skin rash; Lives on vegetation?
Sporothrix Schenckii
233
Pseudohyphae and budding yeast; causes diaper rash in children?
Candida
234
Differential for bird droppings?
Histoplasmosis (because lives in histiocytes) or cryptococcus
235
Granulomas+ulcerating pimple?
Blastomycosis; broad based budding; Blasto buds broadly
236
Chronic Granulomatous disease+ bug?
Aspergillus
237
Bug associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?
Aspergillus-- produced aflatoxin
238
Patient presents with bloody diarrhea after a camping trip. The patients stool shows mobile bug with ingested RBC--what will histology show? Where did the bug come from? Treatment?
Entamoeba presents with dysentery, liver abscess. Can get it from cysts in the water. Histology will show flask shaped ulcer if submucosal abscess of colon ruptures. Treatment is with metronidazole (forms free radical toxic metabolites-- causes disulfiram reaction sometimes)
239
Serology shows trophozites with RBCs in cytoplasm?
Entameoba-- cysts ingested and differentiate to trophozites in ileum (trophozites have 4 nuclei cysts)
240
Differential for protozoal diarrhea?
```
Bloody= entamoeba
Watery= cryptosporidium
Fatty= Giardia
```
241
20yoF presents 2 weeks after a camping trip with foul smelling stools-- what will trophozites look like?
2 nuclei with 4 pairs of moustache flagella
242
2 nuclei, and 4 pairs of moustache flagella?
Giardia
243
HIV patient presents with severe diarrhea that is non bloody. The patient had previously visited a farm. What diagnosis tool should be used for this trophozite?
Acid fast stain
244
Patient with CF, from Iowa-- works on a farm, presents with wheezing and coughing-- bug?
Aspergillus (septa hyphae branches at 45 degrees); one long stick with bunch of tiny little round things at end (fruiting body). Can cause allergic bronchipulmonary aspergillosis in asthma and CF
245
Patient presents with vaginal greenish, watery foul smelling discharge. How is organism spread? What does it look like on wet mount?
Spread through sexual contact. Cannot survive outside environment because it LACKS a CYST. Looks like a tear drop (5 flagella, 1 nucleus)
246
Causes brain abscess in HIV patient?
Toxoplasmosis-- seen as ring enhancing lesions-- treat with sulfadiazine ad pyrimethamine
247
Neonate presents with retinal inflammation, increased ICP, and intracranial calcifications. Where did mother get bug from? Treatment? What does it look like on histology?
Cysts in meat or cats; mother is asymptomatic
Sulfadiazine+pyrimethamine
Crescent shaped trophozites
248
Patient presents with dilated cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus after visiting south america? Transmission? Treatment?
Trypnasoma cruzi; Chagas' disease: megacolon and romanas sign can be seen also (causes achalasia).
Transmitted via the reduviid bug (kissing bug), painless bite much like a kiss
Treat with nifurtimox
249
Treatment of trypnasoma cruzi?
Nifurtimox
250
Trypnasoma transmited via?
Reduviid bug
251
Pt from tropical country presents with weight loss and fever. PE revelas massive hepatosplenomegaly with edema and hyperpigmented skin patches. CBC shows thrombocytopenia, and anemia-- bug? Transmission? Histology? Treatment?
Leishmania (kalazar-- means black illness for hyperpigmented skin lesions): spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
Transmitted via sandfly
See macrophages containing amastigotes
Treat with sodium stibogluconate
252
Macrophages with amastigotes?
Lesihmania; transmitted via sandfly
253
Treatment of leishmania?
sodium stibogluconate
254
Pt from Africa presents with chronic fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes, and recurrent fevers? Transmission? Treatment?
Trypansoma brucei: african sleeping sickness due to antigenic variation which allows protozoa to evade immune response
Transmitted via tsetse fly; painful bite
Treated with suramin for blood borne disease
Melarsoprol for CNS penetration
255
Dormant form of malaria?
P. vivax/ovale-- treatwith chloroquine which blocks heme polymerase-- use mefloquine if resistant
256
Worst form of malaria?
Falciparum ("Fal"ing fast")
257
Test patients for blank before giving malarial meds?
G6PD deficiency
258
How is Listeria distinguished from beta hemolytic strep?
Listeria is catalase+
259
These bacteria resemble fungi due to branching filaments?
Actinomyces and nocardia
260
Sore throat and acute hemorrhagic cystitis?
Adenovirus (no envelope); conjunctivitis; and pneumonia as well
261
Pink eye?
Adenovirus ("Adam NO! farting on your brother, you'll give him pink eye")
262
causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease? What is special about this DNA virus?
Parvovirus (no envelope)-- SINGLE STRANDED
| RBC APLASIA AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN ADULTS
263
JC virus? BK?
Polyomavirus-- JC: Junky cerebrum
| BK: bad kidney
264
Flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple?
Poxvirus
265
Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in us?
Temporal lobe encephalitis due to HSV 1
266
Owl eye inclusion bodies on histology?
CeeMV
267
1yo presents after having a seizure. The child has had a fever for the past several days. She now has a diffuse macular rash
HHV6 Roseola
268
Pico viruses?
PERCH
| Polio; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; HAV
269
MCC of viral gastroenteritist in children?
Rota virus
270
MCC of viral gastroenteritis in adults?
Norovirus-- part of calicivirus family (people in California shit a lot)
271
Influenza virus is part of what family?
Orthomyxovirus
272
Paramyxoviruses? 3
Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles, Mumps
| PaRaMyxo
273
High fever, black vomitus, and jaundice?
Yellow fever causes black vomit (Flavivirus)
274
Describe rotavirus?
dsRNA; segmented-->villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and loss of K+
275
Rash that starts at the head and moves down; postauricular adenopathy; deafness
Rubella virus-- congenital rubella looks like blueberry muffin
276
F protein?
Paramyxovirus-- fusion protein causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells
277
Palivizumab?
Prevents pneumonia caused by RSV infection in premature infants
278
Koplick spots?
Measles-- paraMyxo
279
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis?
Measles
280
Rubella rash vs measles rash?
Rubella=truncal
| Measles= involves hands and feet
281
Severe pneumonia; fever; GI and CNS symptoms--bug? how do we detect?
Legionella; detect clinically by antigen in urine; silver stain; grows on charcoal extract with iron and cystein
282
pericardial knock
constric. pericarditis
283
bipolar staining
yersenia
284
how is yersenia secreted?
via type III secretion system
285
Swollen tender lymph nodes on skin
bubbos- yersenia
286
seafood contaminated by?
vibrio subtypes
287
Pt has difficulty urinating; swarming motility when plated?
Proteus-- struvite stones-- fishy odor
288
anal pruritus
enterobius vermicularis treat with mybuttazole
289
Intestinal infection leading to bilirubin stones-- fecal oral
ascaris lumbricoides
290
Larvae in soil penetrate the skin
Strongyloides; intestinal infection, vomiting diarrhea anemia-- treat with IVermectin (ivan is a STRONG man)
291
Black flies, black skin nodules, black sight
Onchorcer volvulus-- black volvo drove into river000 treat with "iver"mectin for river
292
brain cysts; seizures; intestinal infection; from undercooked pork
Taenia solium-- treat with praziquantel
293
b12 deficiency; tape worm; trasmitted from fresh water fish
Diphyllobothrium laktum-- praziquantel
294
liver and spleen granulomas; fibrosis and inflammation; squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
schistosoma-- treat with praziquantel
295
Biliary tract inflammation-->pigmented gallstones-- cuased by undercooked fish
Clonorchis sinensis associated with cholangiocarcinoma
296
undercooked crab meat; lung inflammation and HEMOPTYSIS
paragonimus westermani
297
liver cysts parasite
Echinococcus
298
parasite microcytic anemia
necator and ancylostoma
299
Catalase +
PLACESS pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, ecoli, staph serratia
300
epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia
HaEMOPhilus-- caused by capsular type B
301
Treat haemophilus with?
cephtriaxon; -- vaccine contains b capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diptheria toxoid
302
Carbol fuschin stain
TB
303
Cord factor
Tb
304
freshwater lakes-- rapidly fatal meningioencepahlitis
naegleria fowleri
305
All DNA are linear except
papilloma, polyoma and hepadna
306
All RNA are SS except
REO
307
Naked nucleic acids of negative strands
are not infectious
308
All viruses are haploid except
retrovirus
309
DNA viruses replicate in?
| RNA viruses replicate in?
DNA= nucleus except pox (has own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)
RNA= cytoplasm except influenza and retro
310
Segmented viruses
BOAR
| Bunya, ortho, arena, reo
311
H. influenza
gram negative coccobacillus that needs NAD and CoA
