General path

Question 1

Carbon tetrachloride?

Answer 1

centrilobular necrosis and fatty change

Question 2

Vinyl chloride

Answer 2

angiosarcoma

Question 3

PTHrP?

Answer 3

Hypercalcemia; squamous cell lung; renal cell; breast cancer

Question 4

Psammoma bodies?

Answer 4

Papillary thyroid; serous ovary; meningioma; mesothelioma

Question 5

S100

Answer 5

Schwannoma; melanoma; neural tumors

Question 6

CA 19

Answer 6

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 7

Bladder cancer microbe?

Answer 7

Schistosoma– egyptian male

Question 8

Cholangiocarcinoma microbe?

Answer 8

Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke)

Question 9

burkitts

Answer 9

cmyc

Question 10

follicular

Answer 10

bcl2

Question 11

neuroblastoma

Answer 11

N-myc

Question 12

ckit?

Answer 12

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors– cytokine receptor

Question 13

Her2neu

Answer 13

Tyrosine kinase

Question 14

Renal angiomyolipoma and cardiac rhabdomyoma

Answer 14

tuberous sclerosis

Question 15

Autoimmune diseases associated neoplasm?

Answer 15

Lymphoma

Question 16

Acanthosis nigricans?

Answer 16

visceral malignancy

Question 17

dysplastic nevus

Answer 17

malignant melanoma

Question 18

SIADH neoplasm

Answer 18

Small cell

Question 19

sarcomas spread via?

Carcinomas spread via?

Answer 19

Sarcomas spread through blood

Carcinomas spread via lymphatics

Question 20

Desmoplasia?

Answer 20

Fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm

Question 21

Carcinoma implies origin from?

Sarcoma implies origin from?

Answer 21

Carcinoma epithelial

Sarcoma mesenchymal origin

Question 22

Acute iron poisoning presents with

Answer 22

Gastric bleeding

chronic presents with metabolic acidosis, scarring leading to GI obstruction

Question 23

2-3 days after a wound?

Answer 23

deposition of granulation tissue and collagen, angiogenesis, dissolution of clot, wound contraction mediated by myibroblasts

Question 24

1 week after a wound?

Answer 24

Type III collagen replaced by type I collagen which increases tensile strenght of tissue— ZINC IS COFACTOR FOR COLLAGENASE

Question 25

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer 25

Bacterial abscess, Pleural effusion, brain, pancreatitis

Question 26

Reversible cell injury

Answer 26

lose of microvilli dt water entering cell decreased glycogen ribosomal detachement--> dec protein synthesis Ca2+ pump gets fucked up-->cytosolic Ca2+

Question 27

Areas of kidney most susceptible to ischemia?

Answer 27

Straight segment of proximal tutuble in medulla | and TAL of medulla

Question 28

Area of liver most susceptible to necrosis?

Answer 28

Central vein zone III

Question 29

Red infarct?

Answer 29

Loose tissue organs with collaterals: liver, lungs, intestine, testicle

Question 30

Pale infarct?

Answer 30

Solid tissues with single blood supply, such as heart, kidney, and spleen

Question 31

First sign of shock is?

Answer 31

Tachycardia

Question 32

Hypovolemic/cardiogenic shock

Answer 32

Low output failure; inc TPR; Low CO; cold, clammy patient dt vasoconstriction

Question 33

Septic shock?

Answer 33

High output failure; dec TPR; dilated arterioles and high venous return; hot patient

Question 34

Neutrophil migration?

Answer 34

Kallikrein; C5a; IL-8; LTB4

Question 35

FGF

Answer 35

stimulates all aspects of angiogenesis

Question 36

EGF

Answer 36

stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinase

Question 37

TGF beta

Answer 37

angiogenesis and fibrosis