Cardiology

Question 1

depolarization cycle

Answer 1

1. SA node
2. AV node
3. atrial contraction
4. bundle of His
5. L and R bundle branches
6. purkinje fibers

Question 2

ventricular filling includes

Answer 2

atrial systole and diastole

Question 3

2 steps of ventricular systole

Answer 3

isovolumetric and ejection

Question 4

2 steps of ventricular relaxation

Answer 4

isovolumetric and relaxation

Question 5

which is longer, systole or diastole

Answer 5

diastole

Question 6

what are the atrio valves called

Answer 6

AV

Question 7

which is the bicuspid valve

Answer 7

left AV

Question 8

2 semilunar valves

Answer 8

aortia and pulmonary

Question 9

diastole has which valve closed

Answer 9

aortic

Question 10

lowest pressure

Answer 10

diastolic pressure

Question 11

highest pressure

Answer 11

systolic pressure

Question 12

what happens in systole

Answer 12

arotic valves open and ejection occurs

Question 13

what causes the dicrotic notch in systole

Answer 13

backflow of blood in aorta

Question 14

MAP

Answer 14

mean pressure in aorta over cardiac cycle

Question 15

MAP is closer to DP or SP

Answer 15

DP

Question 16

lubb

Answer 16

AV valves

Question 17

dubb

Answer 17

SL valves

Question 18

F =

Answer 18

delta P/ R

Question 19

lower MAP than normal

Answer 19

hypotension

Question 20

MAP > normal

Answer 20

hypertension

stress on heart and blood vessels

Question 21

short term regulation includes

Answer 21

CO and total peripheral resistance

neural control

Question 22

what kind of regulation includes the heart and blood vessels

Answer 22

short term regulation

Question 23

what kind of regulation includes the kidneys

Answer 23

long term regulation

Question 24

LTR includes

Answer 24

blood volume regulation

primarily hormonal control

Question 25

negative feedback loops for MAP include

Answer 25

``` detector = baroreceptors integration = CV centers in CNS controllers = ANS effectors = heart and blood vessels ```

Question 26

pressure receptors

Answer 26

baroreceptors

Question 27

where are arterial baroreceptors found

Answer 27

aortic arch and carotid sinuses

Question 28

what are arterial baroreceptors also called

Answer 28

sinoaortic receptors

Question 29

external measure of electrical activity of the heart

Answer 29

electrocardiogram

Question 30

distance and amplitude of spread depends on 2 factors

Answer 30

size of potentials | synchronicity of potentials from other cells

Question 31

P wave

Answer 31

atrial depolarization

Question 32

QRS wave

Answer 32

ventricular depolarization

Question 33

T wave

Answer 33

ventricular repolarization

Question 34

PQ segment

Answer 34

AV node delay

Question 35

QT segment

Answer 35

ventricular systole

Question 36

TQ interval

Answer 36

ventricular diastole

Question 37

time in between heartbeats

Answer 37

R-R interval

Question 38

sinus rhythm

Answer 38

pace generated by SA node

Question 39

slowed/ diminished conduction through AV node | increases PQ segment duration/ delay between artrial and ventricular contraction

Answer 39

first degree heart block

Question 40

slowed, sometimes stopped conduction through AV | loss of 1-1 relationship between P wave and QRS

Answer 40

second degree heart block

Question 41

loss of conduction through VA node | P wave is independewnt of QRS

Answer 41

third degree heart block

Question 42

extra contraction results in

Answer 42

extra systole | premature atrial contraction (PAC) followed by extra ventricular contraction

Question 43

loss of coordination of electrical activity of the heart

Answer 43

ventricular fibrillation