Tissue Structure and Organization

Question 1

what covers exposed surfaces and produces glandular secretions

Answer 1

epithelial tissue

Question 2

what are the 3 things connective tissues do

Answer 2

fills, supports, stores energy

Question 3

what are the 3 types of muscle

Answer 3

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 4

what type of tissue is missing: epithelial, connective, muscle, and __________

Answer 4

nervous

Question 5

cellularity means

Answer 5

cells are bound together tightly

Question 6

what kind of cells are avascular

Answer 6

epithelia

Question 7

4 functions of epithelial cells

Answer 7

1. protect surfaces
2. control permeability
3. provide sensation
4. secrete through gland cells

Question 8

where are microvilli found on epithelial cells

Answer 8

apical end

Question 9

where are mitochondria found in epithelial cells

Answer 9

basolateral region (concentrated)- provide energy for cell’s transport activities

Question 10

3 factors maintaining the physical integrity of an epithelium

Answer 10

1. intracellular connections
2. attachment to basement membrane
3. epithelial maintenance and renewal

Question 11

what’s lower, the basal lamina or the reticular lamina

Answer 11

reticular lamina

Question 12

what is the basal lamina made of

Answer 12

glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and microfilaments

Question 13

what is the function of the basal lamina

Answer 13

restrict movement of large molecules from connective tissue into epithelium

Question 14

what is the reticular lamina made of

Answer 14

course protein fiberes

Question 15

what is secreted by connective tissue

Answer 15

reticular lamina

Question 16

what is secreted by epithelial cells

Answer 16

basal lamina

Question 17

what is the function of the reticular lamina

Answer 17

anchor the BM to the connective tissue

Question 18

where is simple layering found

Answer 18

unexposed areas

Question 19

what is the advantage of simple layering

Answer 19

ease of diffusion of material

Question 20

where is stratified layering found

Answer 20

exposed area

Question 21

how do cells regenerate

Answer 21

from stem cell divison at the basement membrane

Question 22

3 cell shapes

Answer 22

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar- top most layer is used in this description

Question 23

what type of cells are found in the inner lining of cornea and alveoli of lungs

Answer 23

simple squamous epithelium

Question 24

what has the function of reducing friction and controlling vessel permeability

Answer 24

simple squamous epithelium

Question 25

where are stratified squamous epithelial cells found

Answer 25

skin, oral cavity, throat, esophagus, anus, vagina

Question 26

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 26

physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

Question 27

simple cuboidal cells are found in

Answer 27

glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland

Question 28

main function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells

Answer 28

secretion and absorption

Question 29

where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found

Answer 29

lines some ducts- rare

Question 30

what lines the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidney

Answer 30

simple columnar epithelium

Question 31

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium are found in the

Answer 31

respiratory tract surface cells possess cilia

Question 32

transitional epithelia are found

Answer 32

bladder, renal pelvis, ureters

Question 33

what type of epithelia permits expansion and recoil after stretching

Answer 33

transitional epithelium

Question 34

3 types of exocrine glands

Answer 34

serous mucous mixed

Question 35

what so serous glands secrete

Answer 35

watery + enzymes like salivary amylase

Question 36

what do mucous glands secrete

Answer 36

glycoproteins called mucins + water = mucous

Question 37

what do mixed exocrine glands secrete

Answer 37

both watery enzymes and mucous

Question 38

what releases their secretions onto epithelial surface through apithelial ducts

Answer 38

exocrine

Question 39

what releases their secretions (hormones) by exocytosis directly into interstitial fluid surrounding the cell

Answer 39

endocrine

Question 40

which one doesn't have ducts exocrine or endocrine

Answer 40

endocrine

Question 41

exocrine celands can have unicellular glands and ___

Answer 41

multicellular glands = clusters of gland cells

Question 42

unicellular glands include

Answer 42

mucous cells and goblet cells

Question 43

multicellular glands can produce both

Answer 43

exocrine or endocrine secretions

Question 44

the simplest multicellular exocrine gland is a

Answer 44

secretory sheet

Question 45

which salivary gland is a mixed gland containing cells that produce both serous and mucous secretions

Answer 45

submandibular salivary gland

Question 46

duct of simple exocrine gland doesn't

Answer 46

branch

Question 47

glands that end in a bulb are called

Answer 47

alveolar (sac) or acinar (chamber)

Question 48

compound glands have ducts that

Answer 48

branch repeatedly

Question 49

what are tubuloalveolar or tubuloacinar glands

Answer 49

glands with both tubular and alveola structure

Question 50

3 methods of secretion for glandular epithelia

Answer 50

eccrine apocrine holocrine

Question 51

eccrine secretion

Answer 51

product is packaged into secretory vesicles and released through exocytosis

Question 52

what is the most common mode of secretion

Answer 52

eccrine

Question 53

what releases the secretory product through shedding of the apical portion of the cell's cytoplasm which is packed with secretory vesicles

Answer 53

apocrine

Question 54

what is holocrine secretion

Answer 54

the entire cell becomes packed with secretory products then bursts open. the secretion is released and the cell dies