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PHARM 204 > CELL > Flashcards

CELL Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of cells in the body

A

sex cells and somatic cells

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2
Q

the cytoplasm consists of

A

cytosol + organelles

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3
Q

4 major functions of the PM

A
  1. physical barrier
  2. regulates exchange of material with the environment
  3. shows sensitivity to respond to changes in the ECF
  4. provides cell to cell communication, adhesion, and structural support
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4
Q

4 components of PM

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. proteins
  3. glycolipids
  4. sterols
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5
Q

glycoproteins and glycolipids form the

A

GLYCOCALYX COATING

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6
Q

function of glycocalyx

A

protection

helps cells survive in stressful environments

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7
Q

are glycolipids and gllycoproteins on the inner or outer layer

A

outer

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8
Q

what type of protein can be channels

A

integral proteins

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9
Q

peripheral proteins can be on the inside or outer layer T or F

A

T

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10
Q

glycolipids are associated only with the _____ and many serve as ___

A

outer layer

receptors

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11
Q

what stabilizes the cell membrane structure

A

sterols

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12
Q

membrane allows some material to pass through while inhibiting other material from crossing

A

selectively permeable

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13
Q

nothing passes

A

impermeable

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14
Q

are endocytosis and exocytosis passie or active

A

active

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15
Q

3 forms of passive transport

A

diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

osmolarity

A

total concentration of solute particles in solution

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17
Q

most diffusion of water occurs through

A

aquaporins

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18
Q

a hyperosmotic solution has

A

high osmolarity

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19
Q

a hypotonic solution ___ water relative to the cell

A

loses

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20
Q

solutes are passively transported across a PM by a carrier protein

A

facilitated diffusion

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21
Q

the cytoskeleton consists of

A

MT and MF

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22
Q

microvilli contain

A

microfilaments

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23
Q

what increases the SA/V ratio of a cell

A

microvilli

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24
Q

what are centrosomes made of

A

2 centriolles = 9 MT triplets

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25
cilia function
move cell
26
cilia made of
MT doublets in a 9+2 array
27
ribosomes are
RNA + protein
28
what is a network of channels through the cytoplasm
ER
29
what removes damaged organelles or pathogens
lysosomes
30
what catabolizes fats and neutralizes toxic compounds
peroxisomes
31
what synthesizes proteins
ribosomes
32
osmosis
water molecules moving down a concentration gradient
33
can facilitated diffusion be unidirectional
yes, but can also be bidirectional depending on conc gradient
34
what facilitates transport of glucose
GLUT4
35
active transport uses
exchange pumps
36
pinocytosis
small molecules + ECF
37
phagocytosis
solid paticles
38
phagosomes fuse with ___ to form ____
lysosome | phagolysosome
39
what removes waste products from cell and recycles membrane components to PM
exocytosis
40
polar molecules require ___ or __ to cross membrane
ion channels or mediated transport
41
molecules bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane
receptor mediated endocytosis
42
exocytosis requires ATP and ___ __ for movement
calcium ions
43
what absorb material from ECF
microvilli
44
posttranscriptional processing of pre-mRNA
splicing to remove introns
45
processed mRNA is selectively transported through ____ to go into the cytosol
nuclear pores
46
nuclear pores allow mRNA out and ___ ___ in
transcription factors
47
what catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds
peptidyl transferase
48
translation of ___ results in binding to signal recognition protein which binds to receptor protein on rough ER
leader sequence (signal sequence)
49
if there is no leader sequence, the protein will remain in the
cytosol
50
detoxifies + metabolism functions is the ____ ER
smooth
51
those proteins to be integrated into mitochondria or peroxisomes are synthesized in the
cytosol, then are directly taken to their organelles (do not go through rough ER)
52
those destined for secretion are syntheized
on rough ER (not like mitochondria and peroxisomes that the ribosomes go directly to)
53
is calmodulin a secondary messenger
no
54
hydrophilic messengers bind to receptors on the
PM
55
the cytosol has a higher concentration of ___ than ___ ions
potassium than sodium
56
the cell cytosol has a net __ charge
-
57
the cytoskeleton has 4 parts
microfilaments IF thick filaments microtubules
58
microfilaments are made of
actin protein
59
what component of the cytoskeleton is used for anchoring and stabilization
microfilaments
60
what part of the cytoskeleton provides strength + stability and transports materials within the cytosol
IF
61
____ support the axons of nerves
neurofilaments (IF)
62
thick filaments are composed of
myosin protein
63
microtubules are made of
tubulin protein
64
what is the main component of the cytoskeleton
microtubules
65
what moves organelles inside the cell, change the shape of the cell, forms centrioles
microtubules
66
peroxisomes contain ___ to break down H2O2
catalase
67
paracrine
neighbouring
68
endocrine
through blood - long range
69
hormones are transported through the
blood
70
drugs with intracellular receptors are lipo___
philic
71
receptors in PM (3)
ion channel enzyme, or directly activates an enzyme GPLR
72
2 double layered organelles
mitochondria and nucleus
73
tyrosine kinases ___ proteins in the cell
phosphorylates
74
Gs stimulates
AC to convert ATP to cAMP
75
deactivation of alpha subunit occurs when
subunit hydrolyzes GTP to GDP
76
Gi
inhibits AC
77
cAMP activates
PKA
78
Gq results in
alpha subunit activating PLC which converts PIP2 to IP3 and DAG
79
IP3 moves to the cytosol and stimulates release of
Ca2+ from ER
80
DAG activates PKC which
phosphorylates proteins
81
increasng Ca2+ can cause
muscle contraction | secretion
82
Ca2+ as a 2nd messenger
binds to calmodulin - complex activates a protein kinase
83
cGMP is produced from _____ by _____
GTP | guanylate cyclases
84
cGMP activates
PKG

PHARM 204 (17 decks)

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