Cardiopulmo Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Heart sounds: Beginning of ventricular systole
A
S1
1
Q
MAP =
A
DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)
2
Q
Heart sounds: Beginning of ventricular diastole
A
S2
3
Q
Heart sounds: Rapid filling of ventricles
A
S3
4
Q
Heart sounds: Ventricular gallop
A
S3
5
Q
Present 3rd heart sound is indicative of
A
CHF
6
Q
Heart sounds: Atrial systole
A
S4
7
Q
Heart sounds: Atrial gallop
A
S4
8
Q
Present 4th heart sound is indicative of
A
MI or hypertension
9
Q
AV node aka
A
Junctional node
10
Q
AV valve location
A
behind tricuspid valve
11
Q
Tricuspid & mitral valves prevent backflow during what phase of cardiac cycle
A
Systole
12
Q
Aortic and pulmonic valves prevent backflow of blood during what phase of cardiac cycle
A
Diastole
13
Q
First third of diastole
A
75% of blood passively flows from atria to ventricles
14
Q
Last third of diastole
A
25% of blood; atrial systole
15
Q
During diastole AV valves are — & SL valves are —-
A
AV: open
SL: closed
16
Q
During isovolumic contraction, AV valves are — & SL valves are —-
A
Both are closed
17
Q
During period of ejection, AV valves are — & SL valves are —-
A
SL: Open
AV: Closed
18
Q
During period of isovolumic relaxation, AV valves are — & SL valves are —-
A
closed
19
Q
Phases of systole
A
Isovolumic contraction
Ejection
Isovolumic relaxation
20
Q
Afterload of RV
A
8 mmHg
21
Q
Afterload of LV
A
80 mmHg
22
Q
During period of ejection, first third delivers —% of blood
A
70%
23
Q
Normal EDV
A
120 mL
24
Normal ESV
50 mL
25
Normal SV
70-100 mL
26
Stroke volume =
EDV - ESV
27
definition of stroke volume
Amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER CONTRACTION
28
Normal cardiac output
4-6L
29
P wave
Atrial depo
30
PQ interval
Beginning of atrial contraction to beginning of ventricular contraction
31
PR interval: 1st degree heart block
prolonged PR interval
32
2nd degree Heart Block types
Mobitz type 1 - Wenkebach
Mobitz type 2 - Hay
33
PR interval - Mobitz type 1
progressive lengthening of PR + drop beats
34
PR interval - Mobitz type 2
Normal PR interval + drop beats
35
3rd degree heartblock
mismatch conduction between atria and ventricles
36
QRS complex
Ventricular depo + Atrial repo
37
Wide bizarre odd QRS
PVC
38
Prolonged QRS
Bundle branch block
39
ST segment
end of ventricular contraction to beginning of ventricular relaxation
40
Prolonged ST
CHF
41
Elevated ST
MI
42
Depressed ST
Myocardial ISCHEMIA
43
Inverted t-wave
M. ischemia
44
True MI
ST Segment elevation
increased CK-MB
increased Troponin I
45
Aggravating factor of pericarditis
trunk movements
46
relieving factors
kneeling on all 4s
leaning forward
47
Heart supplied by what segments
C3 to T4
48
Red flag of CHF
Edema
49
NYHA Class I METS
6.5 METS
50
NYHA CLASS 2 METS
4.5 METS
51
NYHA CLASS 3 METS
3 METS
52
NYHA CLASS 4 METS
1.5 METS
53
Braddom Phase 1
acute
inpatient
54
Braddom phase 1 goal
prevent deformities and complications
55
Braddom phase 1 exit point
5 METS
56
Braddom phase 2
convalescent phase
transitional phase
57
braddom phase 2 goal and activities
goal: promote strong scar formation
activities: walking, bicycling
58
braddom phase 2 exit point
9 mets
59
braddom phase 3
training
out patient
60
braddom phase 3 activities
stretching, plyometrics, calisthenics, aerobics
61
braddom phase 4
maintenance
62
most important phase of braddom cardiac rehab
phase 4 - maintenance
63
Sullivan phase 1 goal
prepare pt for discharge
ECG and vital signs monitoring
64
Sullivan Level 1
1-1.5 mets
bed
arm support
65
Sullivan Level 2
1.5 - 2 mets
sit, move legs, transfers
66
Sullivan Level 3
2-2.5 mets
walk short distance, bathroom privilege
67
Sullivan Level 4
3.5-3 mets
trunk exercises
68
Sullivan Level 5
3-4 mets
arm exercises
69
Sullivan Level 6
4-5 mets
progressive amb
70
Sullivan phase 2
outpatient
exercise training program
71
Sullivan Phase 3
Maintenance
Endurance training
risk modification
72
Location of heart
mediastinum
73
Age-predicted HRmax =
60-75% (HRmax)
74
Type 1 alveolar cells
PREDOMINANT alveolar cells, main site for gas exchange
75
Type 2 alveolar cells
septal cells, surfactant
76
What fissure/s can be found in the right lung?
Horizontal and oblique fissure
77
How many bronchopulmonary segments in right lung
10
78
How many lobes of right lung
3
79
Fissure of left lung
Oblique
80
Dorsal respiratory group location
dorsal medulla
81
Dorsal respiratory group function
inspiration
82
Ventral respiratory group location
ventrolateral medulla
83
Ventral respiratory group function
expiration, inspiration
84
Pneumotaxic area location
upper pons
85
Pneumotaxic area fxn
turn off inspiration
86
Apneustic area location
lower pons
87
apneustic area fxn
turn on inspiration
88
Central chemoreceptors are located in
medulla
89
peripheral chemoreceptors are located in
aortic and carotid bodies
90
Tracheal auscultation & description
over trachea, high pitch
91
bronchial auscultation & description
over manubrium between two clavicles
high pitch
92
bronchovesicular auscultation & description
over sternum
medium pitch
93
vesicular auscultation & description
over peripheral lungs
low pitch
94
Relaxed inspiration muscles
diaphragm + external intercostals
95
Forced inspiration muscles
"SUPAS"
SCM
upper traps
pecs major + minor
scalenes
serratus ant and posterior (superior)
96
forced expiration muscles
abs
serratus post
internal intercostals
97
continuous breath sounds
wheeze, ronchi
98
noncontinuous breath sounds
crackles/rales
99
continuous breath sounds prominent during
expiration
100
continuous breath sounds caused by
air passing through narrow airways
101
noncontinuous breath sounds prominent during
inspiration
102
noncontinuous breath sounds caused by
bubbling secretions
103
Contralateral shifting seen in
compressive atelectasis (plural effusion)
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
104
Ipsilateral shifting
Obstructive atelectasis
Pneumonectomy
Lobectomy
Segmental resection
105
Diaphragmatic breathing indication
chest breather
improve ventilation
106
segmental breathing indication
atelectasis
lung surgery
107
pursed lip breathing indication
copd
prevent airway collapse
108
Normal Residual volume
1500 mL
109
Normal ERV
1000 ml
110
normal tv
500 ml
111
normal irv
3000 ml
112
normal IC
3500 ml
113
normal FRC
2500 ml
114
Normal VC
4500 ml
115
COPD shows increase in what lung volumes
TLC
RV
FRC
116
Acute bronchitis
inflammation of membrane lining of bronchi
117
Chronic bronchitis area affected
inflammation of bronchi
118
bronchiectasis
inflammation & DILATION of bronchi
119
asthma
vasconstriction of bronchioles
120
Cystic fibrosis aka
mucoviscidosis
121
cystic fibrosis cause
defect long arm of chromosome 7
destruction of exocrine gland
122
cystic fibrosis result
mucus clings to airway walls
affected: bronchioles
123
emphysema
permanent dilation of alveolar wall
124
emphysema d/t destruction of what protein
elastin
125
normal ph
7.35 - 7.45
126
normal pCO2
35-45 mmhg
127
normal HCO3
22-26 mEq/L
128
Respiratory acidosis cause
ALVEOLAR
HYPOVENTILATION
129
Respiratory acidosis early s/sx
DYSPNEA, HA,
RESTLESSNESS,
ANXIETY
130
Respiratory acidosis late s/sx
CONFUSION
COMA
SOMNOLENCE
131
Respiratory alkalosis cause
ALVEOLAR
HYPERVENTILATION
132
Respiratory alkalosis s/sx
STD (syncope, tetany, dizziness) WITH
TINGLING AND
NUMBNESS
133
metabolic acidosis cause
"DARS"
DM, ALCOHOL,
RENAL FAILURE,
STARVATION
134
metabolic acidosis s/sx
KUSSMAUL BREATHING (air hunger)*,
NAUSEA/VOMITTING, CARDIAC ARYTHMIAS,
LETHARGY/COMA
135
metabolic alkalosis cause
EXCESSIVE
INTAKE,
BICARBONATE
IONS, DIURETICS,
STEROIDS,
VOMITING
136
metabolic alkalosis s/sx
VAGUE SX:
MUSCLE
WEAKNESS
EARLY TETANY
MENTAL
DULLNESS
137
Postural drainage: bed flat
Upper anterior (supine)
Lower superior (prone)
Upper right posterior lobe (1/4 turn from prone on L)
138
Middle lobe postural drainage
1/4 turn from supine, T-pos'n
139
Upper posterior lobes Postural drainage
1/4 turn from prone
Left = reverse T
right = flat
140
Middle lobe + lingula postural drainage
1/4 turn from supine, T-pos'n
141
Lower lobes postural drainage
All T-pos'n except superior
