Physio (Renal & GIT) Flashcards by Sabrina Halili

Iron absorbed in

Duodenum

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Vit B12 absorbed in

Ileum

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Normal saliva amount

1000-1500 ml

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Saliva contains

mucin & ptyalin/salivary amylase

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Mucin fxn

makes bolus

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ptyalin/salivary amylase fxn

digests starch

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deciduous teeth,: 1st tooth to errupt and when

lower central incisor errupts at 6 months

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normal amount of pancreatic juice

1200-1500 ml

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pancreatic juice contains

pancreatic lipase, trypsin, and pancreatic amylase

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pancreatic lipase fxn

digests fat

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trypsin fxn

digests protein

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inactive form of trypsin

trypsinogen

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trypsinogen converted into trypsin via

enterokinase aka brush border villi

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pancreatic amylase fxn

digests carbohydrates

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duct of santorini aka

smaller pancreatic duct

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CBD + LPD =

hepatopancreatic ampulla (sphincter of oddi)

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Functional unit of liver

lobule

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lobule contains

hepatocytes

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Hepatocytes produce

bile

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normal bile amount

800-1000 ml

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gall bladder function

storage of bile

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Stages of deglutition

Voluntary
pharyngeal
esophageal

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fastest stage of deglutition

pharyngeal aka involuntary

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voluntary stage of deglutition

passageway of bolus into oropharynx

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oropharynx has receptors which send signals to _____ located in _____

deglutition center located in medulla oblangata

Pharyngeal stage

Deglutition center sends signals to move: Soft palate and uvula SUPERIORLY Larynx FORWARD AND UPWARD Epiglottis BACKWARD AND DOWNWARD

Sphincter affected in Gerd

LES

Stomach can store how much food

4 liters

broad part of stomach

fundus

terminal part of stomach

pylorus

two tubular glands in stomach

oxyntic gland/gastric gland pyloric gland

oxyntic gland contains what cells

mucus neck cell chief cell parietal cell

mucus neck cell produces

mucus

chief celll produces

pepsin

pepsin fxn

breakdown protein

parietal cell produces

intrinsic factor & HCL

intrinsic factor fxn

absorption of Vit B12

Fxn of HCL

activates pepsinogen into pepsin

pyloric gland contains what cell

g cell

g cell produces

gastrin

gastrin fxn

maturation of gastric gland

hormones in small intestine

cholecystokinin & secretin

cholecystokinin fxn

contraction of gall bladder

secretin fxn

stimulate pancreas

Pancreatitis pain aggravated by

after eating

Pancreatitis pain relieved by

Sitting upright (acute) Leaning forward (chronic)

Kehr sign

pain on left shoulder d/t pancreas problem

Explain renin angiotensin-aldosterone system

low bp activation of juxtaglomerular cells which secrete RENIN renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1 when angiotensin 1 reaches lungs, it encounters ACE which converts it into angiotensin 2 (vasoconstrictor) Angiotensin 2 stimulates adrenal cortex which releases ALDOSTERONE (maintains electrolytes and absorbs water)

juxtoglomerular cells release

renin

renin fxn

converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1

Angiotensin 2 is a potent ---

vasoconstrictor

Angiotensin 2 stimulates the

adrenal cortex

adrenal cortex releases

aldosterone

aldosterone function

electrolytes H20 reabsorption

areas of reabsorption of kidney in order

PCT Thin descending LOH thin ascending LOH DCT CCT MCT

in normal reabsorption, LF becomes diluted in the

thin ascending LOH

when dehydrated LF starts becoming concentrated in the

DCT

Stages of urine formation

Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion

Normal GFR

125 mL/min

Normal NFP

10 mmHg

Route of blood flow through kidney in order

"ARS IA IA GEP" Aorta Renal A Segmental A Interlobar a arcuate a interlobular a afferent arterioles glomerular capillaries Efferent arterioles Peritubular capillaries

Anterior pituitary gland aka

adenohypophysis

Posterior pituitary gland hormones

Oxytocin ADH

Prolactin

milk production

Follicle stimulating hormone

stimulates estrogen and progesterone stimulates sperm

lutenizing hormone

stimulates testosterone triggers ovulation

Adrenal Cortex parts + hormone

GFR ==> ACA

Adrenal medulla secretes

norepinephrine/epinephrine

Thyroid gland hormones

thyroid hormone calcitonin

calcitonin is from

parafollicular cells

calcitonin fxn

decreases calcium

thyroid hormones form the

follicular cells

thyroid hormone fxn

development and maturation of CNS

Pancreas cells

"GABIDS"

Parathyroid gland secretes

parathormone

parathormone fxn

increases calcium in blood