Cardiovascular

Question 1

Drug of choice for complete AV block

Answer 1

Epinephrine

Question 2

What are your cardiac stimulants?

Answer 2

B-1 agonists, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Glucagon, and Calcium salts

Question 3

What doe Isoproteranol do?

Answer 3

Works on B1 and B2 receptors.

Most potent cardiac stimulant

Question 4

What does Epinephrine do?

Answer 4

B1 at low dose, A1 at high dose.
No vasoconstriction at low dose.
Reflex bradycardia is high dose.

Question 5

What does dopamine do?

Answer 5

Dopamine receptors + B1 at low dose and A1 at high dose.

Least likely to cause tachycardia

Question 6

Positive ionotropic drugs

Answer 6

Digitalis glycosides (Digoxin)
B1 Agonists

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action for Digoxin?

Answer 7

Inhibition of pump, increase in Ca+, increase in contractility.

Question 8

T/F Digoxin undergoes enterohepatic recycling

Answer 8

True.

Mainly renal secretion though

Question 9

Toxicity of Digoxin

Answer 9

Very toxic, especially cardiotoxic - arrhythmias

Question 10

What does acute intoxication of Digoxin cause vs a chronic intoxication?

Answer 10

Acute –> increase in potassium

Chronic –> decrease in potassium

Question 11

What are our Vasodilators?

Answer 11

ACE inhibitors (enalopril), Hydralazine, and Nitrates (Prazosin)

Question 12

What are our Inodilators?

Answer 12

Pimobendan ***** and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Question 13

What is pimobendin used for?

Answer 13

Inodilation with CHF/DilatedCM.

*Not used with HCM

Question 14

What is Carvedilol used for and how does it work?

Answer 14

Tx of CHF due to DilatedCM.

Nonselective, blocks B1, B2 and A1

Question 15

Give me three reasons why nonselective beta blockers are better.

Answer 15

1. B2 can cause vasoconstriction
2. B2 can cause bronchoconstriction
3. B2 can cause hypoglycemia

Question 16

Example of a loop diuretic

Answer 16

Furosemide

Question 17

Example of a thiazide diuretic

Answer 17

Chlorothiazine

Question 18

Example of a potassium-retaining diuretic

Answer 18

Spironolactone, triamterene

Question 19

What are the four classes of antiarrythmic drugs?

Answer 19

Class I: Sodium channel blockers
a. prolonged action potential
b. shortened action potential 
Class II: Beta Blockers
Class III: Potassium channel blockers
Class IV: Ca+ channel blockers

Question 20

What is Quinidine used for?

Answer 20

Supraventricular fibrillation in horses

Class 1a - Na+ channel blocker

Question 21

What is Procainamide used for?

Answer 21

Ventricular arrythmias

Class 1a - Na+ channel blockers

Question 22

What is lidocaine used for?

Answer 22

Drug of choice to treat ventricular arrhythmias in dogs

Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker

Question 23

What is phenytoin used for?

Answer 23

Digitalis-induced arrhythmias in dogs

Class 1b - Na+ channel blocker

Question 24

What is propanolol used for?

Answer 24

Drug of choice (Beta blockers) for arrhythmias in cats

Class II - beta blockers

Question 25

What is Bretylium used for?

Answer 25

Sympathetic vasodilator *toxic | Class III - K+ channel blocker

Question 26

What are Verapamil and Diltiazem used for?

Answer 26

Myocardial hypertrophy | CLass IV - Ca++ channel blockers

Question 27

What drugs treat atrial fibrillation?

Answer 27

Digoxin, Quinidine, Procainamide, Propanolol

Question 28

Which drugs treat ventricular tachyarrhythmias??

Answer 28

Lidocaine, Procainamide, Quinidine, Phenytoin

Question 29

Drugs of choice for tx of bradyarrhythmias?

Answer 29

Atropine and Isoproteranol

Question 30

What is phenylephrine?

Answer 30

Selective alpha1 agonist (vasoconstrictor)

Question 31

What are the sympathomimetics?

Answer 31

Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, PPA

Question 32

What is phenoxybenzamine used for?

Answer 32

Vasodilator. Used to treat pheochromocytoma in hypertensive crisis

Question 33

What is prazosin used for?

Answer 33

Selective Alpha1 blocker. | Vasodilator.

Question 34

What do beta blockers end in. | What can they be used for regarding BV?

Answer 34

-lol | can block the RAAS system resulting in vasodilation

Question 35

What is clonidine?

Answer 35

presynaptic Alpha2 agonist. | Vasodilator.

Question 36

What is enalapril?

Answer 36

ACE inhibitor (also works on bradykinins) Vasodilator. DRUG OF CHOICE FOR HYPERTENSION IN DOGS

Question 37

What is an Angiotensin II antagonist?

Answer 37

Losartan - antihypertenssive

Question 38

What are your two direct acting vasodilators?

Answer 38

Hydralazine and Nitrates

Question 39

What are your Ca2+ channel blockers that work at BV?

Answer 39

Verapamil Diltiazem Nifedipine Amlodipine

Question 40

Drug of choice to control hypertension in cats

Answer 40

Amlodipene

Question 41

What do Ca2+ channel blockers do?

Answer 41

Vasodilation

Question 42

What is the drug of choice for Myocardial hypertrophy in cats?

Answer 42

Diltiazem

Question 43

Drug of choice for incomplete AV block

Answer 43

Atropine