Flashcards in Cardiovascular Disorders Deck (150)
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61
CHADS2 score
congestive heart failure - 1
hypertension - 1
age > 75 - 1
diabetes mellitus - 1
stroke - 2
62
causes of pulsus paradoxus
cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and severe asthma
63
treatment of unstable patient with Afib
immediate cardioversion
64
treatment of stable patient with Afib
< 48 hours: cardioversion
> 48 hours: 3-4 weeks of rate control and antiocogulation prior to cardioversion
65
mechanism of dipyramidole infused myocardial perfusion scanning
dipyramidole is a vasodilator, diseased vessels are already maximally dilated, so dipyramidole vasodilates non-disease vessels and draws even more blood away from diseased vessels
66
treatment for aortic regurgitation
afterload reduction with ACE-inhibitor or nifedipine, severe cases should undergo valve replacement
67
ranking of lifestyle modifications for high blood pressure
weight loss
DASH diet
dietary sodium
exercise
alcohol intake
smoking has little effect on hypertension but does contribute to heart disease
68
treatment of cocaine-induced STEMI
PTCA or thrombolysis
aspirin, nitrates appropriate, avoid beta-blockers which will allow unopposed alpha-activity and further vasoconstriction
69
pulsus parvus et tardus
decreased pulse amplitude and delayed pulse upstroke seen in aortic stenosis
70
mechanism of decreased preload in cardiac tamponade
pericardial fluid pressure exceeds ventricular pressure and inhibits ventricles from expanding and filling properly
71
drug of choice in patient with stable angina and hypertension
beta-blocker
72
mixed venous oxygen concentration in hypovolemic shock
decreased from increased oxygen extraction by hypoperfused tissue
73
mixed venous oxygen concentration in septic shock
normal from hyperdynamic circulation and improper distribution of the cardiac output
74
mechanism by which nitroglycerin relieves angina
dilaiton of veins decreases preload and stretching of myocardial muscle
it is actually unclear if nitroglycerin increases coronary blood flow in diseased patients although it performs this function in healthy coronary vessels, so this is not the major way angina is relieved
75
metabolic abnormalities found in hyperaldosteronism (conn's syndrome)
low renin, high aldosterone
high sodium, low potassium, high bicarbonate (metabolic alkalosis)
76
pansystolic murmur at the apex with radiation to the axilla days to months after a myocardial infarction
ventricular aneurysm
papillary muscle rupture occurs 3-7 days after
77
normal right atrial pressure
4-6 mmHg
78
normal pulmonary artery pressure
25/15 mmHg
79
normal PCWP
6-12 mmHg
80
right atrial pressure > 10 mmHg
pulmonary artery systolic pressure > 40 mmHg
diagnostic criteria for massive pulmonary embolism
81
unstable angina pharmacotherapy if no percutaneous intervention is planned
aspirin, clopidogrel
82
unstable angina pharmacotherapy if percutaneous intervention is planned
gp IIb/IIIa inhibitor
83
intranodal or bundle of His conduction problem
second degree mobitz I heart block
84
infranodal conduction problem
second degree mobitz II heart block
85
absence of conduction between atria and ventricles
third degree heart block
86
AV nodal reentry anomaly
PSVT
treatment: adenosine, carotid massage, valsalva maneuver
87
AV reentry (not through the node, through accessory pathway)
wolff-parkinson-white
treatment: amiodarone, procainamide
88
treatment of hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia
amiodarone
89
complication of esophageal dilation
esophageal rupture, penumomediastinum, and mediastinitis
90
