Flashcards in Cardiovascular Disorders Deck (150)
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91
biliary side effect of gastric bypass surgery
increased risk of gallstones
treatment: ursodeoxycholic acid prophylactically for 6 months after surgery
92
somatic pain
sharp, localized pain
93
visceral pain
generalized, crampy pain
94
referred pain
visceral fibers enter spinal cord at the same location as somatic fibers and brain misinterprets visceral pain as somatic
95
wide fixed splitting of second heart sound
atrial septal defect
96
normal PCWP pressure
6-12 mmHg
97
normal right atrial pressure
4-6 mmHg
98
normal pulmonary artery pressure
does not exceed 25/15 mmHg
99
treatment of hemodynamically unstable PSVT
cardioversion or calcium channel blocker
100
treatment of stable PSVT
carotid massage or valsalva maneuver
pharmacotherapy: beta-blocker or CCB
101
treatment for wolff-parkinson-white
amiodarone or procainamide
NO adenosine
102
progressive PR lengthening until dropped QRS
second degree mobitz I heart block
103
randomly skipped QRS without changes in PR interval
second degree mobitz II
104
when is pacemaker indicated in heart bock
second degree mobitz II and third degree
only indicated in mobitz I if there is symptomatic bradycardia present
105
several ectopic foci in the atria that discharge automatic impulses
usually asymptomatic
multifocal atrial tachycardia
treatment: CCB or beta-blockers acutely, catheter ablation of surgery to eliminate abnormal pacemakers
106
causes of PVCs
hypoxia, abnormal serum electrolytes, hyperthyroidism, caffeine use
107
what do PVCs look like
early and wide QRS without preceding P waves
108
treatment of PVCs
none if patient is healthy, beta-blocker in patients with CAD
109
treatment for atrial flutter
rate control with CCB, beta-blockers, cardioversion if unable to be controlled with medication, and catheter ablation to remove ectopic focus
110
treatment for torsades de pointes
magnesium sulfate
111
treatment for stable ventricular tachycardia
procainamide or amiodarone
amiodarone is drug of choice in patients with CHF
112
treatment for symptomatic bradycardia
atropine
113
most frequent physical exam finding of CHF
S3 sound
114
kerley B lines
increased marking of lung interlobular septa caused by pulmonary edema
115
indication for K-sparing diuretics in congestive heart failure
reduce cardiac hypertrophy caused by aldosterone
116
treatment for pericarditis
NSAIDs, colchicine
pericardiocentesis for large effusions
hemodialysis for uremic pericarditis
117
cardiac catherization shows equal pressure in all chambers
chronic constrictive pericarditis
118
causes of cardiac tamponade
pericarditis, chest trauma, LV rupture following MI, or dissecting aortic aneurysm
119
treatment for cardiac tamponade
immediate pericardiocentesis
120
