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GENERAL- TOP8 > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

(132 cards)

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1
Q

-1st heart sound
-“lubb”
-systole

A

S1

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2
Q

-2ND HEART SOUND
-dubb
-t-wave

A

S2

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3
Q

ventricular repolarization (relax)

A

s2

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4
Q

closure of AV valve

A

“lubb” s1

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5
Q

closure of tricuspid/mitral valve

A

“systole” s1

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6
Q

closure of semilunar valve

A

dubb ; s2

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7
Q

closure of aortic/pulmonic

A

diastole; s2

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8
Q

-3rd heart sound
-murmur heard

A

S3

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9
Q

what causes s3 heart sound

A

ventricular gallop

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10
Q

normal occurence of s3:

A

-infants upto 6 mons
-pregnancy
-athletes

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11
Q

heart sound:
-Hypertension

A

s4

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12
Q

s4 is due to?

A

rapid filling of blood in ventricle

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13
Q

commonly assessed in elderly

A

s4

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14
Q

what causes s4?

A

atrial gallop

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15
Q

medication that delays impulses from SA to AV nodes

A

calcium channel blockers (dipine)

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16
Q

medication that decreases ventricular contractions; promote healing

A

beta-blockers

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17
Q

Nursing alert for CCB & BB

A

check HR & RR

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18
Q

SIDE EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CHANNEL & BETA BLOCKERS

A

-bradycardia
-hypotension
-vasodilation
-impotence

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19
Q

CONTRAINDICATIONS while taking Beta-blockers & calcium channel blocker

A

-asthma/bronchitis
-heart block: lowers ventricular contraction
-CHF: decrease cardiac output
-DM: increase viscosity + beta-blockers= thrombus (clot) formation

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20
Q

5 waves of ECG

A

P-WAVE
PR- INTERVAL
QRS-COMPLEX
ST- SEGMENT
T-WAVE
QT SEGMENT

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21
Q

atrial depolarization : ecg

A

p-wave

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22
Q

ecg:
-travel of impulse from SA to AV node
-drop of blood from atrium to ventricle

A

PR interval

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23
Q

ecg:
-s1 lubb
-ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

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24
Q

ecg:
-point of ventricular contraction just before relaxation

A

ST segment

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25
ecg: -s2 dubb -ventricular repolarization
t-wave
26
whole phase of ventricular contraction to relaxation
QT segment
27
decrease myocardial oxygenation
CAD (Coronary artery disease) ACS (acute corony syndrome)
28
AKA heart attack -myocardial tissue necrosisdue to ischemia (low oxygen)
MI (myocardial infarction)
29
type of MI: Both right & left coronary artery are obstructed
TRANSMURAL
30
type of MI: 1 coronary artery is only obstructed
SUBENDOCARDIAL
31
MI/ISCHEMIA Short pathophysio
OCCLUSION ----> Myocardial ischemia/ insufficiency ----> Chest pain
32
occlusion in MI/ Ischemia
-Thrombus -Atherosclerosis -Arterioscelorosis
33
plaque formation
atherosclerosis
34
hardened plaques
arteriosclerosis
35
Universal sign of chest pain:
Levine's sign
36
Characteristic of Chest pain:
Chest tightness
37
-Permanent/total blockage -long in duration (>10 mins) -cant be relieved by rest
MI
38
DOC for Angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin
39
Complication of MI
Ventricular arrhythmia/ Dysrrythmia -Most life threatening -Unstable: 1st 6-8 hours -Safest: after 24 hours
40
DOC: MI
Morphine Sulfate
41
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
DECREASE/LOW: -Ventricular contraction -HR -cardiac output -BP (shock)
42
Ventricular arrhythmia; SAFEST TIME
After 24 hours
43
Ventricular arrhythmia: unstable
1st 6-8 hours
44
Type of angina that is unpredictable and occurs at rest
unstable/atypical angina
45
Type of angina that is predictable and occurs on activity
stable/ typical angina
46
Type of angina that is due to vasospasm or exposure to cold
prinzmetal/ variant angina
47
DOC: Cardiogenic shock
ADRENALINE : E-N-D -sympathetic -Norepinephrine -Epinephrine -Dopamine
48
Left sided s3 murmur fluid shift to the lungs
CHF
49
Complications of MI
-Ventricular arrhythmia/ dysrhythmias -Cardiogenic shock -CHF
50
No. 1 cause of death in MI
PVC (Premature ventricular contraction)
51
Characteristics of PVC:
-No P-waves -Bizzare QRS -Widening of QRS
52
DOC: PVC
lidocaine (xylocaine) SE: lowers HR
53
SE of Lidocaine
lowers HR
54
DOC: PVC w/ bradycardia
Atropine Sulfate
55
Diagnostic test for MI
-Tropinin I -CPK-MB -SGOT (AST) -LDL -ECG
56
troponin r/t heart
troponin I
57
troponin not r/t heart
troponin T
58
Most sensitive: Troponin
onset; 1-3 hours & remains elevated to 1 week
59
Most specific: Troponin
only becomes positive to necrosis
60
Onset & Peak of CPK-MB
onset: 4-6 hours peak: 3-4 days
61
cpk- ____ for brain
cpk-BB
62
cpk-___ heart
cpk-mb
63
these enzymes is significant to indicate/diagnose tissue damage
CPK-MB CPK-BB
64
AST
SGOT (HEART) Omega 3= Sweet heart
65
ALT
SGPT (LIVER) hePa = Liver
66
bad cholesterol (due to HPN) -lead to atheroscelosis
LDL
67
Most commonly used to dx MI
ECG
68
ECG Zones of MI
3 I's -Ischemia: low oxygen (Inverted T-wave) -Injury: damage (ST elevation) -infarction: occlusion (Pathologic q-wave)
69
low oxygen (Inverted T-wave)
ischemia
70
damage (ST elevation)
cardiac injury
71
occlusion (Pathologic q-wave)
infarction
72
MANAGEMENT FOR ANGINA OR CHEST PAIN
R-O-N-P-A-T-H -rest (sit): lowers 02 demand, lower 02 consumption -oxygen administration: saturate ischemic myocardium -nitroglycerine: parasympathetic stimulation -morPhine sulfate: anticipate MI; Vasodilator -aspirin -thrombolytic -heparin ***aspirin,thrombolyitc,heparin = bleeding precautions
73
how to administer nitroglycerin
3 tabs @ 5 minutes interval
74
SE of nitroglycerin
hypotension
75
Nursing responsibility when administering NITROGLYCERIN
check BP before administering Hold if SBP= <100 mmhg
76
Most common complain upon 1st take of nitroglycerin
Headache -NORMAL SIDE EFFECT Burning/tingling sensation under tongue upon 1st take -NORMAL SIDE EFFECT
77
Route of Nitroglycerin
Sublingual
78
where to store nitroglycerin
dark & airtight container -photosensitive
79
nitroglycerin can be stored up to
6 months
80
Health educate: When to take nitroglycerin
Taken before strenous activity
81
plan of care for MI
M-O-N-A-YAN -Morphine sulfate -Narcotic analgesic -CNS depressant -Decrease O2 demand; low o2 consump. -O2 administration -Nitroglycerin -Aspirin (Antiplatelet)
82
Antidote for morphine sulfate
Naloxone (Narcan)
83
If the cause of MI is due to thrombus (clot)
M-O-N-A-T THROMBOLYTICS -dissolves thrombus Effective within: 24 hours Most effective: within 2-3 hours
84
If the cause of MI is due to HPN
M-O-N-A-B BETA-BLOCKERS (Metropolol)
85
PTT is for
Partial Thromboplastin Time: HEPARIN
86
PT is for
Protamine Time: WARFARIN
87
Uses dye (contrast) where thin catheter is inserted to locate occlusion (blockage)
CARDIAC CATHERIZATION
88
Site for Cardiac catherization
Brachial or Femoral
89
Complications of cardiac Catheterization on site
-Bleeding -hematoma -vasospasm -edema/swelling
90
Uses balloon to inflate & deflate -to relieve blockage or occlusion
PTCA (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
91
Complication of PTCA:
Vasospasm Thrombus
92
DOC: Vasospam
vasodilator
93
DOC: thrombus
anticoagulant
94
by-pass- or diversion of blood flow to maintain circulation -indicated for 2 or more occlusion
CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting)/ heart by pass -Attached to heart-lung machine during surgery -unconscious -endotracheal tube -Problem: communication Nrsg intervention: Pen & paper
95
S3 Murmur
CHF
96
Types of CHF
Left sided CHF Right sided CHF Mixed combined L&R
97
Cause of Right sided CHF
-Tricuspid stenosis -pulmonic stenosis -ventricular hypertrophy (r) -COPD
98
Causes of Left sided CHF
-Mitral stenosis -MI -aortic stenosis -Rheumatic heart disease: cause by GHABS
99
RIGHT SIDED CHF S/SX
SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION: SEEN BY NAKED EYES -jugular vein distention -edema -ascites -hepatomegaly -jaundice -oliguria -weight gain
100
LEFT SIDED CHF S/SX
BREATHING MANIFESTATION: -dyspnea -orthopnea -rales or crackles -pulmonary edema DECREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT: -dizziness -fainting -syncope -restlessness (1st sign of hypoxia) -muscle weakness -fatigue -apathy
101
PLAN OF CARE FOR CHF GOAL:
Decrease workload; -low O2 consumption -bedrest -diazepam (valium): sedative & muscle relaxant L-CHF: o2 admin R-CHF: restrict fluid & administer diuretics
102
DOC to increase cardiac output
DIGOXIN (LANOXIN) S/SX that is expected/document: POLYURIA S/sx that is reportable: OLIGURIA (toxicity)
103
Position of choice for LEFT CHF
Sitting; upright; high-fowlers (dyspnea)
104
Position of choice for RIGHT CHF
Low fowlers (30 degrees); to measure JVD
105
(+) R- CHF
JVD is measured more than 4cm = positive Right sided CHF
106
how to determine if diuretic is effective?
(-) lung clear sound upon auscultation (-) crackles
107
Nursing responsibility when giving digoxin?
Check: HR & Apical Pulse Hold: <60 bpm
108
S/SX of digitalis toxicity
BANDAV -bradycardia -anorexia -nausea -abdominal cramping -visual disturbances (GREEN/YELLOW; HALO VISION)
109
Antidote: Digitalis toxicity
DIGIBAND; IMMUNO FAB
110
What heart sound is commonly assesed in elderly?
S4
111
is the only VS tha increases (due to stiffening of blood vessels) with aging and the rest decreases.
BP
112
heeart chamber that is the most damaged in pt with MI.
left Ventricle
113
Common cause of non-compliance of beta-blockers among male pt.
IMPOTENCE
114
Why there is no atrial repolarization?
The resting phase of atrium was overpowered by the contractions of ventricles.
115
common cause of MI is
THROMBUS/ CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS
116
To relieve chest pain; “To saturate the ischemic myocardium.”
O2 Admin. (6-8 LPM)
117
Universal sign of MI
LEVINE’S SIGN ;Chest hand clutching
118
Intermittent Claudation; Decrease Leg muscular O2.
Buerger’s Disease
119
-the nurse is caring for the pt wth MI, which of the ff cardiac enzyme is least specific? A.Troponin B. cpk-mb C. SGPOT D.Cpk-bb
c
120
Reportable PVC
6-8 pvc/minute or Trigeminal PVC
121
EPINEPHRINE AND LIDOCAINE EFFECT:
Epinephrine is vasoconstriction; thus delays/prolonged the effect of anesthesia
122
1st drug of choice for PVC
Lidocaine (However, Atropine sulfate is used for bradypneic pt)
123
Priority, best, initial should prepare, 1st
Morphine Sulfate
124
chest pain
o2
125
-Mr. C is rush to the Hospital with Diagnosis of MI while transporting in ambulance, the pt complains of chestpain. Which of the ff drug will the nurse administer first? A. Morphine B.aspirin C. Oxygen D.Nitroglycerine
aspirin (bc it is readily accessible)
126
when to bring patient with MI to hospital if taking nictroglycerin
AFTER 2ND DOSE.
127
INR (Imterntional Normalize Ratio)- Most specific for coumadin -PT= 10-12 Secs -PTT= 30-45 Secs -INR= 1-2 secs
la lang
128
Sex is resumed in MI
6 weeks post MI (1 1/2 month) and able to climb atleast 2 flights of stairs without SOB; Should be done before meal.
129
When to resume ADL after cardiac catheterization?
:WHEN VS IS ALREADY STABLE.
130
Due to alcohol TYPE OF CIRRHOSIS
Leannec’s/Portal Cirhossis
131
Due to Right sided heart failure
CARDIAC CIRRHOSIS
132

GENERAL- TOP8 (25 decks)

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