RESEARCH

Question 1

-blueprint of research
-guide in conducting research (data collection)

Answer 1

Research design

Question 2

2 type of research design

Answer 2

Quantitative & Qualitative

Question 3

-quantity
-Measurable data/ numerical data
-cause & effect relationship

Answer 3

Quantitative

Question 4

-meaning (narrative)
-in depth study of a phenomenon or experience
-aka FIELD RESEARCH

Answer 4

Qualitative

Question 5

-Cause
-can cause changes
-Fixed

Answer 5

Independent Variable

Question 6

-Effect
-Measurable

Answer 6

Dependent Variable

Question 7

“The effect of young maternal age on the infant’s birth weight”

Answer 7

Independent: Young maternal age
Dependent: Birth weight

Question 8

“the effect of malunggay capsule in promotig lactation among BF moms in brgy skrt”

Answer 8

Independent: Malunggay capsule
Dependent: Lactation among BF

Question 9

“The effect of widowhood in the psychological well-being of women”

Answer 9

Independent: Widowhood
Dependent: Psychological well-being

Question 10

2 types of quantitative

Answer 10

-Experimental
-Non-Experimental

Question 11

• (+) manipulation
  -Administration of:
  *Independent variable
  *Treatment
  *Intervention
  -which can be given to independent variable
  -BENEFICIAL
  -HARMLESS

Answer 11

Experimental

Question 12

-(-) Manipulation
-Not administration of treatment and intervention
-Harmful IV
-unethical IV
-AKA Observational

Answer 12

Non-experimental

Question 13

We cannot manipulate the Independent Variable:

Answer 13

-Age
-height/wt
-gender
-behaviour

Question 14

Idependent V. that cant be given:

Answer 14

-behaviour
-religion
-status
-disease

Question 15

Types of non-experimental

Answer 15

-Descriptive
-Descriptive corelational
-Descriptive comparative

Question 16

-describe phenomena w/o manipulation
-only answer question “what”
-“Introduction” part of the study
D-P-O-C
-Definition: statistic
-Prevalence: old/new
-Occurrence: new cases
-Characteristics: Risk Factors
-univariable: identify new concept
-ASK FOR OPINION OF OTHERS!

Answer 16

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Question 17

-prediction
-studies the relationship of variables that co-exist
-link together, not causation
-does not point out direct cause

Answer 17

Descriptive Correlational

Prediction
↓ R/F
Association : cant point out the direct
cause

*Causation:
-point out direct cause
- (+) manipulation

Question 18

Spot map for Descriptive Correlational

Answer 18

IV - DV (1 GROUP)

Question 19

2 types of Descriptive Correlational

Answer 19

Prospective
Retrospective

Question 20

-Going forward
-IV: Present
-DV: Future
-Threat: may cause mortality; withdrawal

Answer 20

Prospective

Question 21

-Going backwards
-AKA Ex post Facto : after the fact
-IV: Past
-DV: Present

Answer 21

Retrospective

Question 22

Data collection for prospective
-May tale months or years
->6 months
-Threat: mortality; withdrawal

Answer 22

Longitudinal

Question 23

Data collection for retrospective
-One point in time

Answer 23

Cross-sectional

Question 24

-studies cause & effect relationship
- No manipulation by comparing 2 groups
-causation: point out direct cause

Answer 24

DESCRIPTIVE COMPARATIVE

Question 25

Sport map for descriptive comparative

Answer 25

2G +IV / - IV ➤ DV

Question 26

- (+) Manipulation - administration of IV/Trx/ Interventionn -effectiveness of Treatment -Causation (cause & effect relationship)

Answer 26

Experimental

Question 27

elements of experimental Research

Answer 27

M-C-R -Manipulation -Control : improves reliability; -Randomization : ensures that groups are equal (homogenous)

Question 28

Most powerful design that eliminates all threat to internal validity

Answer 28

Pretest-post test control group design

Question 29

Types of experimental research

Answer 29

-True -Quasi -Pre-experimental

Question 30

3 elements -Manipulation -Control: 2 groups -Random T.T.T 2-4 groups with randomization

Answer 30

True Experimental Research

Question 31

-improves reliability -requires 2 groups: *Experimental Group: Receives Trx *Control Group: Ordinary/Traditional Trx

Answer 31

Control

Question 32

2 elements -Manipulation -Lacks either control or randomization TTT 1-2 groups 1G: 2 Pre/post test 2G: w/o randomization

Answer 32

Quasi

Question 33

1 element -Manipulation -lacks both control & randomization TTT 1 GROUP; 1pretest 1 posttest

Answer 33

Pre-experimental

Question 34

How to collect data for pre-experimental

Answer 34

O1 : Pre-test X : Intervention O2: Post-test

Question 35

-Intervention with treatment- Post 2x -irrelevant to conduct a pretest

Answer 35

One-shot case study

Question 36

-Control group is irrelevant

Answer 36

Pre-test post-test one group design

Question 37

-done when pre-test is impossible to conduct

Answer 37

Post-test only control group design `

Question 38

-not possible to conduct randomization

Answer 38

Non-equivalent control group deisgn

Question 39

Two types of experimental design

Answer 39

-Non-equivalent CG design -Time series Design

Question 40

-Duration of treatment -Effectiveness of treatment over time

Answer 40

Time series design

Question 41

-AKA Field study -in depth study of phenomena/ experiences Experiences ↓ Meaning ↓ Thru: Interview ↓ Data: Narrative form LACKS: -Hypothesis: Educational guess -Statistical Treatment: Computation -Theory: Attempt to explain phenomena in general

Answer 41

Qualitative Research

Question 42

Types of qualitative Research

Answer 42

-Ethnographic -Phenomenological -Grounded theory

Question 43

-Anthropology -Study of culture, beliefs, & development -Focus: L-A-B Language: meaning Artifacts Beliefs & Tradition

Answer 43

Ethnographic

Question 44

Data collection for ethnographic: -Requires observation/interview for a certain period of time

Answer 44

-Immersion -Longitudinal

Question 45

-sociology -study of social process -social interaction -Patterns of behaviour -formulates theory grounded on data collected

Answer 45

Grounded Theory

Question 46

-psychology: Mind; subjective/ behavior L-I-B-E-D -lived experiences -Intuition/intuitive process: pt will interpret research -Bracketing: handling of emotionality -End: when there is data saturation -Data collection: semi-structured individual

Answer 46

Phenomenological

Question 47

No new information gathered overtime

Answer 47

Data saturation

Question 48

Logical reasoning -Specific to general Qualitative research ↓ Data collection in specific Popltn group ↓ Develops theme/codes: characteristics they share in common ↓ Formulate hypothesis ↓ Development theory: that explains specific population in general

Answer 48

Inductive Reasoning

Question 49

Logical reasoning -General to specific QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Theory (general) ↓ Develop hypothesis ↓ Data collection (specific person) ↓ Analysis of data

Answer 49

Deductive reasoning

Question 50

All qualitative research ends when there is?

Answer 50

Data saturation

Question 51

Brief summary 150-250 words

Answer 51

Abstract

Question 52

Phases of Drug Development

Answer 52

Pre-clinical trial: Animal: good & bad effect Phase 1: Healthy Male Phase 2: Male subject with medical condition : determine C/I Phase 3: Large scale (10,000) Phase 4: FDA Approved