Cardiovascular System (Chapter 10) Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart
A
angina pectoris
2
Q
abnormal contractions of a blood vessel wall
A
angiospasm
3
Q
narrowing of a blood vessel
A
angiostenosis
4
Q
any loss of rhythm in the heartbeat
A
arrhythmia
5
Q
abnormally slow heart rate, usually under 60 beats per minute
A
bradycardia
6
Q
sensation of pain in the heart
A
cardiodynia
7
Q
condition that originates in the heart
A
cardiogenic
8
Q
abnormal hypertrophy of the heart
A
cardiomegaly
9
Q
blue coloration of the skin & mucous membranes; caused by oxygen deficiency
A
cyanosis
10
Q
disturbance or abnormality of the heart’s normal rhythmic cycle
A
dysrhythmia
11
Q
experience of pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat
A
palpitation
12
Q
fast heartbeat
A
tachycardia
13
Q
bulging of an arterial wall caused by a congenital defect or an acquired weakness of the arterial wall produced as blood is pushed against it
A
aneurysm
14
Q
inflammation of the heart & blood vessels
A
angiocarditis
15
Q
tumor that arises from a blood vessel
A
angioma
16
Q
rupture of an artery
A
arteriorrhexis
17
Q
hardening of the arteries; the artery walls lose their elasticity & become brittle
A
arteriosclerosis
18
Q
narrowing of an artery due to the deposition of a fatty plaque along the internal wall
A
atherosclerosis
19
Q
ASD: congenital condition characterized by an opening in the septum that separates the right & left atria, allowing blood to pass between the atria
A
atrial septal defect
20
Q
defect, usually congenital, that alters the structure of both an atrium & a ventricle
A
atrioventricular defect
21
Q
cessation of heart activity
A
cardiac arrest
22
Q
acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid w/in the pericardial cavity
A
cardiac tamponade
23
Q
general disease of the heart muscle
A
cardiomyopathy
24
Q
inflammation of the heart valves
A
cardiovalvulitis
25
limp when walking, caused by poor circulation
claudication
26
congenital disease in which the aorta is narrowed; causes reduced systemic circulation & fluid accumulation in the lungs
coarctation of the aorta
27
CHF: chronic condition characterized by the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood through the body to adequately supply systemic tissues AKA left ventricular failure
congestive heart failure
28
chronic enlargement of the right ventricle that results from congestion w/in the pulmonary circulation AKA right ventricular failure
cor pulmonale
29
CAD: generalized condition of the arteries of the heart, characterized by a reduction of blood flow to the heart wall, most common is atherosclerosis
coronary artery disease
30
blockage of an artery that supplies the heart; often due to atherosclerosis
coronary occlusion
31
DVT: abnormal presence of stationary blood clots w/in the deep veins of the leg
deep vein thrombosis
32
blood clot or foreign particle that moves through the circulation, which can produce a severe circulatory restriction when it becomes lodged in an artery
embolism
33
inflammation of the endocardium; common cause is bacterial infection
endocarditis
34
uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the ventricles or atria
fibrillation
35
HA: acute episode during which the myocardium is deprived of blood flow leading to tissue death AKA myocardial infarction (MI)
heart attack
36
interference w/ the normal electrical conduction of the heart; often the result of a sudden reduction of blood flow that affects the SA or AV node
heart block
37
extremely rapid, but regular, contractions of the heart; either atrial or ventricular
heart flutter
38
abnormal soft, blowing, or rasping sound heard through auscultation of the heart
heart murmur
39
varicose vein in the anal region; produces symptoms of local pain & itching
hemorrhoids
40
persistently high blood pressure; includes essential hypertension where the condition is not traceable to a single cause, & secondary hypertension where the high blood pressure is caused by the effects of another disease
hypertension
41
chronic condition of low blood pressure
hypotension
42
abnormally low flow of blood to tissues; often the result of atherosclerotic plaque formation or blood clots
ischemia
43
MI: acute episode during which the myocardium is deprived of blood flow leading to tissue death (infarction). Usually the result of atherosclerosis of a coronary artery which causes narrowing & eventual clot formation
myocardial infarction
44
inflammation of the myocardium, or muscle layer of the heart wall
myocarditis
45
congenital condition characterized by an opening between the pulmonary artery & the aorta, allowing blood to pass across; in this condition, the connecting channel that is a normal part of fetal circulation before birth fails to close & thereby remains open, or patent
patent ductus arteriosus
46
inflammation of the pericardium; usually affects both layers (pericardial sac & epicardium)
pericarditis
47
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
48
inflammation of an artery at numerous sites
polyarteritis
49
four congenital defects associated w/ the heart combined - pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, incorrect position of the aorta, & right ventricular hypertrophy - as a result, the pulmonary circuit is bypassed
tetralogy of Fallot
50
vascular inflammatory disease that usually affects the lower extremities AKA Buerger's disease
thromboangiitis obliterans
51
presence of stationary blood clot w/in a blood vessel
thrombosis
52
condition of an abnormally dilated vein
varicosis
53
opening in the septum that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle, allowing blood to pass between them
ventricular septal defect
54
surgical excision of an aneurysm (bulging of arterial wall)
aneurysmectomy
55
recording obtained from an angiography procedure - x-ray of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium
angiogram
56
general surgical repair of a blood vessel; includes procedures to reopen blocked vessels
angioplasty
57
suturing a blood vessel to close an incision
angiorrhaphy
58
use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument, or endoscope, to observe a diseased blood vessel in order to assess the lesion & decide upon a mode of treatment; procedure also includes use of a camera, video recorder, & monitor
angioscopy
59
recording of an x-ray of the aorta
aortogram
60
recording of an x-ray of a particular artery
arteriogram
61
incision into an artery
arteriotomy
62
surgical removal of a fatty plaque w/in a blood vessel using a specialized rotary knife & a catheter
atherectomy
63
physical examination that consists of listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope; sounds that suggest abnormalities are often caused by dysrhythmias
auscultation
64
procedure which involves inserting a flexible catheter into a brachial or femoral artery & threading it into the heart; it is used to obtain blood samples, pressures & determine the presence & degree of coronary artery disease; it is the most reliable test for diagnosing coronary artery disease; it involves injecting a contrast medium into the heart
cardiac catheterization
65
battery-powered device that is implanted under the skin & wired to the heart chamber walls; produces timed electric pulses that replace the pacemaking function of the SA node
cardiac pacemaker
66
physician who specializes in the treatment of patients w/ heart disease
cardiologist
67
field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of patients w/ heart disease; also a department w/in a hospital where heart disease patients receive care
cardiology
68
CPR: emergency response procedure that includes artificial ventilation & external heart massage in an effort to resuscitate, or revive, the patient
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
69
recording of an x-ray of the heart's circulation
coronary angiogram
70
CABG: surgical procedure which usually involves harvesting a vessel from another part of the body, attaching one end to the aorta & the other end below the blockage
coronary artery bypass graft
71
metallic scaffold that is implanted in a coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy
coronary stent
72
electrical charge to the heart in an effort to defibrillate (stop fibrillation) the heart; delivered by paddles onto the skin of the chest, or to the heart muscle directly if the chest has been opened
defibrillation
73
ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel
Doppler sonography
74
ultrasound procedure where sound waves are directed through the heart to evaluate heart anomalies; if performed during exercise to identify heart conditions, the procedure is called a stress echo
echocardiography
75
procedure where the electrical events associated w/ the beating of the heart are evaluated & are represented by deflections of a pen on a graph called an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG); when the electrical activity is measured during physical activity using a treadmill or ergometer, the procedure is called a stress electrocardiogram
electrocardiography
76
surgical removal of a floating blood clot, or embolus
embolectomy
77
surgical removal of a fatty plaque or a blood clot from the interior of an artery
endarterectomy
78
surgical removal of hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy
79
portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient; records electrical activity of the heart over twenty-four-hour periods, proving useful in detecting periodic or transient abnormalities
Holter ambulatory monitor
80
MRA: magnetic resonance imaging of the heart & coronary blood vessels
magnetic resonance angiography
81
test where blood flow (perfusion) to cardiac cells is monitored following injection of an isotope; test may be performed while the patient is under stress or at rest
myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan
82
visualization of the heart following administration of radioactive isotopes to aid in diagnosis
nuclear medicine imaging of the heart
83
surgical creation of an opening in the pericardial sac, usually to relieve pressure that results from pericarditis or cardiac tamponade
pericardiostomy
84
excision or puncture of a vein
phlebectomy
85
incision or puncture into a vein, usually to remove blood for sampling or to donate blood; a technician who performs the procedure is a phlebotomist
phlebotomy
86
PET: procedure that provides blood flow images using PET-scan techniques w/ radioactive isotope labeling
positron emission tomography scan
87
procedure that measures arterial blood pressure using a device called a sphygmomanometer, which consists of an arm cuff & air pressure pump w/ a pressure gauge
shygmomanometry
88
treatments that dissolve blood clots (thrombi) using drugs such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (TPA); this treatment is often applied w/in six hours of an MI & has been credited w/ saving many lives
thrombolytic therapy
89
surgical repair of a heart valve; if repair is not possible, a valve replacement may be required using an artificial valve or pig valve
valvuloplasty
90
recording of an x-ray of a vein
venogram
