Respiratory System (Chapter 12) Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
absence of carbon dioxide
A
acapnia
2
Q
absence of oxygen
A
anoxia
3
Q
absence of voice
A
aphonia
4
Q
periods or episodes during respiratory cycle when someone stops breathing for a period of time
A
apnea
5
Q
slow breathing
A
bradypnea
6
Q
narrowing of airway caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the bronchioles
A
bronchospasm
7
Q
pattern of breathing marked by gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing, that leads to apnea
A
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
8
Q
hoarseness of the voice
A
dysphonia
9
Q
difficulty breathing
A
dyspnea
10
Q
nosebleed
A
epistaxis
11
Q
normal breathing
A
eupnea
12
Q
coughing up & spitting out blood that originates from the lungs
A
hemoptysis
13
Q
blood in the pleural cavity
A
hemothorax
14
Q
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
A
hypercapnia
15
Q
deep breathing
A
hyperpnea
16
Q
excessive movement of air in & out of the lungs
A
hyperventilation
17
Q
deficient levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which can result in apnea
A
hypocapnia
18
Q
shallow breathing
A
hypopnea
19
Q
breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body’s gas exchange demands
A
hypoventilation
20
Q
deficient levels of oxygen in the blood
A
hyoxemia
21
Q
deficient levels of oxygen in tissues throughout the body
A
hypoxia
22
Q
spasmodic closure of the glottis (opening into the larynx)
A
laryngospasm
23
Q
ability to breathe is limited to an upright position
A
orthopnea
24
Q
sudden sharp pain or convulsion; violent attack due to the sudden occurrence of symptoms or an acute exacerbation (abrupt worsening) of pre-existing symptoms
A
paroxysm
25
rapid flow of blood from the nose
rhinorrhagia/epistaxis
26
fluid discharge from the nose
rhinorrhea
27
expectorated matter; usually contains mucus & sometimes pus
sputum
28
rapid breathing
tachypnea
29
pain in the chest region
thoracalgia
30
absence of respiratory ventilation; suffocation
asphyxia
31
condition of the lungs characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles & formation of mucus plugs producing symptoms of wheezing, SOB, & coughing; caused by the local release of factors during an allergic response
asthma
32
absence of gas in the lungs due to a failure of alveolar expansion
atelectasis/collapsed lung
33
one of the COPDs involving permanent dilation of 1 or more bronchi; patient suffers w/ chronic respiratory infections & often produces copious amounts of purulent sputum
bronchiectasis
34
inflammation of the bronchi; acute form is often due to viral or bacterial infection, while the chronic form is often due to air pollution or smoking & is part of COPD
bronchitis
35
cancer that originates in the bronchi
bronchogenic carcinoma
36
acute inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes, bronchioles, & alveoli
bronchopneumonia
37
group of disorders (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, & bronchiectasis) associated w/ the obstruction of bronchial airflow; usually a result of inhaling tobacco products for many years
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
38
fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract & lungs that often spreads to other organs caused by inhaling dust that contains spores of Coccidioides immunitis
coccidioidomycosis/valley fever
39
disease of the right side of the heart that is caused by a chronic lung disease, such as emphysema
cor pulmonale
40
common viral head cold
coryza
41
respiratory condition of infants & young children; usually triggered by a viral upper respiratory infection; causes swelling of the larynx & produces a characteristic barking cough
croup
42
hereditary disease characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract & elsewhere
cystic fibrosis (CF)
43
nasal septum that divides the two nasal cavities is not median, creating one cavity that is larger than the other
deviated septum
44
protrusion of the stomach &/or intestine through the diaphragm; can interfere w/ breathing
diaphragmatocele/diaphragmatic hernia
45
chronic lung disease characterized by distended alveoli & damaged respiratory membrane; symptoms include dyspnea, a barrel chest due to labored breathing, & gradual deterioration due to chronic progressive hypoxemia
emphysema
46
inflammation of the epiglottis; often results from bacterial infection & may lead to airway obstruction, esp among children
epiglottitis
47
inability to sleep
insomnia
48
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
49
chronic inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchi; acute form that strikes infants & children is called croup
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
50
form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila
legionellosis/Legionnaire's disease
51
inflammation of the nose & pharynx
nasopharyngitis
52
collapse of the pharynx during sleep; results in airway obstruction & the absence of breathing
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
53
inflammation of all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides of the face
pansinusitis
54
acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchi; produces spasmodic coughing; also called whooping cough due to the noise produced during coughing when the larynx spasms
pertussis
55
inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis
56
escape of fluid into the pleural cavity during inflammation; results in compression of the underlying part of the affected lung
pleural effusion
57
inflammation of the pleurae
pleuritis/pleurisy
58
hernia of the lung, in which the lung protrudes through an opening in the chest
pneumatocele/pneumocele
59
inflammation of the lungs caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles; leads to the formation of a fibrotic tissue around the alveoli that reduces their ability to stretch w/ incoming air; includes asbestos & silicosis
pneumoconiosis
60
pneumonia caused by the fungus P. carinii; common opportunistic disease in patients w/ AIDS
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
61
inflammation of the lung tissue in which the alveoli accumulate fluid & sometimes pus; causes include pathogens which may be bacterial, viral or fungal; causes can also be noninfectious such as smoke inhalation
pneumonia
62
inflammation of the lungs, independent of a particular cause
pneumonitis
63
presence of air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse; a small area of the lung can be affected or the entire lung; causes include fractured rib, puncture wounds to the chest & a ruptured bleb (air sac)
pneumothorax
64
accumulation of fluid in the alveoli & bronchioles
pulmonary edema
65
blockage in the pulmonary circulation caused by a moving blood clot
pulmonary embolism (PE)
66
tumor of the lung
pulmonary neoplasm
67
infection of the lungs by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which includes tubercle formation, inflammation, & necrotic lesions
pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
68
condition of pus in the pleural cavity
pyothorax/emphysema
69
respiratory failure characterized by atelectasis; condition occurs in 2 forms:
1) neonatal/infant respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS/IRDS) - appears in infants & is caused by insufficient surfactant (substance secreted by alveolar cells to enable reopening after expiration)
2) adult/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - affects adults & is caused by severe lung infection or injuryf
respiratory distress syndrome
70
inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane
rhinitis
71
fungal infection of the nasal mucous membrane
rhinomycosis
72
severe, rapid onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes lung inflammation, alveolar damage, & atelectasis
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
73
inflammation of the sinus mucous membranes
sinusitis
74
inflammation of a tonsil, usually a palatine tonsil; an adenoid is a pharyngeal tonsil that is subject to inflammation
tonsilitis
75
inflammation of the trachea
tracheitis
76
narrowing of the trachea
tracheostenosis
77
infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx, larynx, & trachea), usually the result of a virus
upper respiratory infection (URI)
78
clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid, which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB)
79
excision of a swollen pharyngeal tonsil, known as an adenoid
adenoidectomy
80
therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamines, which are compounds released by cells that cause bronchial constriction & blood vessel dilation
antihistamine
81
clinical test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen & carbon dioxide
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
82
removal of fluid w/ suction
aspiration
83
physical examination, often w/ the aid of a stethoscope, for listening to sounds w/in the body
auscultation
84
use of a bronchodilating agent to relax the smooth muscles of the airways & stop the bronchial constriction allowing the patient to breathe easier
bronchodilation
85
x-ray image of the bronchi
bronchogram
86
procedure for obtaining an x-ray of the bronchi
bronchography
87
surgical repair of a bronchus
bronchoplasty
88
bronchi are examined w/ a bronchoscope, a modified type of endoscope
bronchoscopy
89
diagnostic imaging of the chest by a computed tomography scanning instrument; used to diagnose respiratory tumors, pleural effusion, pleuritis, & other diseases by providing 3D imaging
chest CT scan
90
x-ray photograph of the thoracic cavity used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, & other lung conditions
chest x-ray/chest radiograph (CXR)
91
physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, & throat
ear, nose, & throat specialist (ENT)
92
visual examination of a body space w/ the use of an instrument called an endoscope, which has a flexible tube that contains mirrors or a camera & is a noninvasive technique for diagnostic & treatment purposes
endoscopy
93
insertion of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway
endotracheal intubation
94
drug that breaks up mucus & promotes coughing to remove it
expectorant
95
breathing therapy in which a portable spirometer is used by a patient to assist in deep breathing exercises
incentive spirometry
96
surgical removal or excision of the larynx; usually performed as a treatment for laryngeal cancer
laryngectomy
97
surgical puncture & aspiration of fluid from the larynx
laryngocentesis
98
surgical repair of the larynx
laryngoplasty
99
procedure that examines the larynx w/ a laryngoscope
laryngoscopy
100
surgical creation of a permanent opening into the larynx to establish an optional access to outside air
laryngostomy
101
incision into the larynx & trachea
laryngotracheotomy
102
excision of a section or lobe of a lung; usually performed as a treatment for lung cancer
lobectomy
103
noninvasive diagnostic imaging of the body w/ the use of magnetic fields & computer imaging equipment
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
104
technique used by a respiratory therapist or EMT to provide assisted breathing w/ the use of a ventilator, which pushes air into the patient's airway
mechanical ventilation
105
device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist & deliver it to the lungs w/ the aid of a deep inhalation
nebulizer
106
measurement of oxygen levels in the blood, using an instrument called an oximeter; pulse oximeter is a noninvasive procedure w/ an oximeter that is pressed against the fingertip
oximetry
107
surgical puncture & aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity
pleurocentesis
108
incision of the lung & bronchus
pneumobronchotomy
109
excision of an entire lung; usually performed as a treatment for lung cancer
pneumonectomy
110
x-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs following injection of a contrast medium in an effort to detect pulmonary emboli
pulmonary angiography
111
diagnostic tests performed to determine the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through the use of spirometry; the tests include tidal volume (TV), which is the amount of air expired after a normal expiration, & vital capacity (VC), which is the amount of air exhaled after maximal expiration
pulmonary
