Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Question 1

Pericardial Fluid

Answer 1

Allows the two layers of the pericardium to slide easily against each other without causing friction.

Question 2

Location of Heart

Answer 2

Located in the anterior chest just behind the sternum

Sits in a space between the lungs called the mediastinum

Question 3

A thick fibrous portin

A thin moist serous portion:

Answer 3

Pericardium (sac that surrounds the heart)

Question 4

Slick serous membrane lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium and is called the:

Answer 4

Parietal Pericardium

Question 5

Between the visceral and parietal pericardium is a space called:

Answer 5

Pericardial space or cavity

Question 6

The pericardium which attaches to the heart is the:

Answer 6

Visceral Pericardium

Question 7

Blood returning from the body enters the heart from the:

Answer 7

Superior and Inferior vena cava and enters into the right atrium

Question 8

What valve does the blood pass through from the right atrium into the right ventricle:

Answer 8

Tricuspid valve

Question 9

When the ventricles contract blood moves through what valve into the pulmonary artery:

Answer 9

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Question 10

Once oxygenated from the lungs the blood returns to the heart through what vein:

Answer 10

Pulmonary vein

Question 11

Blood enters what through the pulmonary vein:

Answer 11

Left atrium

Question 12

The blood goes through what valve to get from the left atrium into the left ventricle:

Answer 12

Bicuspid Valve (Mitrial Valve)

Question 13

The blood passes what valve to go from the left ventricle into the aorta:

Answer 13

Arotic Semilunar Valve

Question 14

The right coronary artery supplies blood to what:

Answer 14

Right atrium and portions of both ventricles

Question 15

The left coronary artery (LCA) supplies blood to what:

Answer 15

Left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum

Question 16

The right coronary artery divides into what two branches:

Answer 16

Marginal branch and posterior descending branch

Question 17

The left coronary artery divides into what two branches:

Answer 17

Anterior descending branch and circumflex branch

Question 18

What is the first sound heard in the cardiac cycle:

Answer 18

Lubb- created by the AV valves closing

Question 19

What is the second sound heard in the cardiac cycle:

Answer 19

Dubb- is the opening of the AV valves

Question 20

Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle during each contraction or “stroke”:

Answer 20

Stroke Volume

Question 21

Amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute:

Answer 21

Cardiac Output

Question 22

Equation for cardiac output is:

Answer 22

CO (cardiac output)= SV (stroke volume) X HR (heart rate)

Question 23

What is Starling’s Law:

Answer 23

States that the greater the volume of blood that enters the ventricle, the more powerful the contraction.

Simply put, “More in= More out”

Question 24

Automaticity:

Answer 24

Hearts ability to contract cardiac muscle tissue without neural or hormonal stimulation

Question 25

What establish the rate of cardiac contraction;

Answer 25

Nodal cells

Question 26

What distributes the stimulus to the general (contractible) myocardium:

Answer 26

Conducting Cells

Question 27

Primary pacemaker of the heart located in the posterior wall of the right atrium:

Answer 27

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 28

What node is located in the floor of the right atrium:

Answer 28

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 29

The normal cardiac cycle starts in the:

Answer 29

SA node

Question 30

Once the impulse leaves the SA node it rapidly travels to the left atrium via:

Answer 30

Interatrial pathway (Bachmann's Bundle)

Question 31

What extends along the interventricular septum befre dividing into the left and right bundle branches:

Answer 31

The bundle of His

Question 32

What is the final part of the conduction system:

Answer 32

Purkinje Fibers

Question 33

This diagnostic machine is capable of sensing the elctrical impulse and amplifying it:

Answer 33

Electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)

Question 34

When the SA node fires it is represented on the tracing as the first positive deflection called:

Answer 34

P-wave

Question 35

What represents the AV node holding the impulse as the ventricles are filling:

Answer 35

The short flat section immediately after the P-wave

Question 36

The QRS complex represents the release of what:

Answer 36

The impulse from the AV node and the depolarization of the ventricles as the impulse moves down the bundle branches into the purkinje fibers

Question 37

The final wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles and is called:

Answer 37

T-wave