The Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of the skeletal system:

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Leverage
3. Protection
4. Storage
5. Blood cell production

Question 2

The shaft of the long bone, surrounds the central marrow cavity:

Answer 2

Diaphysis

Question 3

Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone:

Answer 3

Epiphyses

Question 3

Cartilage area of a bone where growth in length occurs; between diaphysis and piphyses:

Answer 3

Epiphyseal plates or discs

Question 4

A fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibers that surrounds bone:

Answer 4

Periosteum

Question 5

Covers ends of bones that will articulate with out bones to prevent rubbing, grinding and wearing down of the bones:

Answer 5

Articular cartilage

Question 6

Bone-producing cells; produce new bone matrix to repair the break:

Question 7

Permit compression of the baby’s head during birth, made of fibrous connective tissue and close up by about 18 months:

Answer 7

Fontanels

Question 8

Work to reabsorb bone matrix in the center of the diaphysis to form the marow canal; reabsorb any bone fragments:

Answer 8

Osteoclasts

Question 9

What vitamin is needed for the efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine:

Answer 9

Vitamin D3

Question 10

Vitamins A and C are necessary for what:

Answer 10

The process of bone matrix formation (ossification)

Question 11

Increases rate of mitosis of chondrocytes nd osteoblasts and also increases rate of protein synthesis:

Answer 11

Growth hormone (anterior pituitary)

Question 12

Increases energy production and increases rate of protein synthesis:

Answer 12

Throxine (thyroid)

Question 13

Increases energy production from glucose:

Answer 13

Insulin (pancreas)

Question 14

Increases the release of calcium from the bones to the blood by activating osteoclasts:

Answer 14

Parathyroid hormone (parathyroid glands)

Question 15

Increases absorption of calcium from the small intestine and kidneys into the bloodstream:

Answer 15

Calcitriol (kidneys)

Question 16

Causes calcium to be absorbed from the bloodstream back into the bones:

Answer 16

Calcitonin (thyroid)

Question 17

Retains calcium in bones for strength and promotes closure of the epiphyses (during puberty)- growth stops:

Answer 17

Estrogen (ovaries) and Testosterone (testes)

Question 18

Bones of arms, legs, hands and feet, longer than they are wide:

Answer 18

Long Bones

Ex: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna,metatarsals, metacarpals and phalanges

Question 19

Bones of wrists and anles (also patella) of roughly equal dimensions:

Answer 19

Short bones

Ex: Wrist bones (all of these are carpals)

Ankle bones (all of these are tarsals)

Question 20

Ribs, scapula, pelvis and cranial:

Answer 20

Flat bones

Ex: Ribs:12 pair, scapula, pelvis and cranial bones

Question 21

Vertebrae and facial bones:

Answer 21

Irregular bones

Question 22

2 major subdivisions of the skeleton:

Answer 22

Axial and Appendicular

Question 23

Axial:

Answer 23

Skull, vertebrae and rib cage

Question 24

Appendicular:

Answer 24

Pelvis, shoulder and extremities

Question 25

How many true ribs: false ribs: floating ribs:

Answer 25

7 true ribs 3 false ribs 2 floating ribs

Question 26

Immovable- fibrous connective tissue is between the bones:

Answer 26

Synarthosis

Question 27

Slightly movable- a disc of fibrous cartilage is between the bones:

Answer 27

Amphiarthrosis

Question 28

Freely movable joint largest category:

Answer 28

Diarthrosis

Question 29

Movement on all planes (scapula, humerus, femur and pelvis):

Answer 29

Ball and socket

Question 30

Movement in one plane (humerus and ulna, femur and tibia and between phalanges):

Answer 30

Hinge joints

Question 31

Movement in one plane with some lateral (elongated modified ball and socket):

Answer 31

Ellipsoidal joints

Question 32

Rotation (atlas/axis, radius/ulna):

Answer 32

Pivot joints

Question 33

Side to side movement (between carpals):

Answer 33

Gliding joints

Question 34

Movement in several planes (thumb):

Answer 34

Saddle joints

Question 35

Small sacs of synovial fluid that are between the joint and tendons that cross over the joint:

Answer 35

Bursae