Endocrine System

Question 1

Chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported by the bloodstream to reach target cells in other tissues:

Answer 1

Hormones

Question 2

Coordinate cell, tissue and organ activity on a sustained, long-term basis:

Answer 2

Endocrine system

Question 3

Produced by ductless glands and released into blood or tissue fluid:

Answer 3

Endocrine secretions (hormones)

Question 4

Deliver their secretions through ducts or tubes onto some external or internal surface:

Answer 4

Exocrine glands

Question 5

Hormones are divided into three groups based on their chemical structure:

Answer 5

1. Amino acid derivatives
2. Peptide hormones
3. Lipid derivatives

Question 6

Largest group of hormones and constitiue the majority of the hormones in the body:

Answer 6

The protein hormones (amino acid derivative and peptide)

Question 7

Bind to very specific receptors on the cell surface:

Answer 7

Protein hormones

Question 8

Protein hormones are referred to as:

Answer 8

First messengers

Question 9

Capable of crossing the membrane of the cell and binding to intracellular receptors and therefore do not require receptors on the cell surface:

Answer 9

Lipid derivatives

Question 10

Provide the basis for the control of endocrine activity:

Question 11

Provides long-term regulatory control that results in relatively stable internal conditions:

Answer 11

Negative feedback

Question 12

When your body suffers a severe cu, damage to the vessel walls releases chemicals that being the process of blood clotting. Each step of clotting releases more chemicals that accelerate the process. The only way to stop the process is by an outside force that comes in the form of a blood clot:

Answer 12

Positive feedback

Question 13

Releases antidiuretic hormone and oxtocin into the circulation via the posterior pituitary gland:

Answer 13

The hypothalamus

Question 14

Two classes of regulatory hormones:

Answer 14

Releasing hormones (RH)

Inhibiting hormones (IH)

Question 15

Causes the anterior pituitary to release hormones of its own into circulation:

Answer 15

Releasing hormones

Question 16

Stop the anterior pituitary from releasing its hormones:

Answer 16

Inhibiting hormones

Question 17

Special hormones that regulate the activities of the anterior pituitary gland, directly into the circulation:

Answer 17

Regulatory hormones

Question 18

Known as the master gland, secretes nine different hormones:

Answer 18

Pituitary

Question 19

Two distinct regions of the pituitary:

Answer 19

Anterior and posterior

Question 20

Contains endocrine cells that secrete 7 of the 9 hormones directly into the blood stream via the hypophyseal portal system:

Answer 20

Anterior pituitary

Question 21

Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland:

Answer 21

Throid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 22

Stimulates the release of steriod hormones at the adrenal glands:

Answer 22

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 23

Promotes egg development in the ovearies and stimulates the secretion of estrogens:

Answer 23

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 24

Promotes ovarian secretions of estrogens and progestins to prepare a woman for pregnancy:

Answer 24

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 25

Stimulates the production of mammary glands and production of milk:

Answer 25

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 26

Stimulates cell growth and replication by increasing rate of protein production:

Answer 26

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 27

Stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce melanin:

Answer 27

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 28

MSH is release:

Answer 28

1. During fetal development 2. In very young children 3. In pregnant women 4. In some disease states

Question 29

Secretes only 2 of the 9 hormones released from the pituitary:

Answer 29

Posterior

Question 30

2 hormones produced in the hypothalamusand released at the posterior pituitray:

Answer 30

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin

Question 31

Released during a rise of electrolyte concentrations or a drop in blood pressure or volume:

Answer 31

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 32

Causes the smooth muscle of the uterus to constrict during child birth:

Answer 32

Oxytocin

Question 33

3 hormones released by the thyroid:

Answer 33

1. Thyroxine (T4) 2. Triiodothronine (T3) 3. Calcitonin

Question 34

Released from C-cells "sandwiched" between the follicle cells and controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream:

Answer 34

Calcitonin

Question 35

Contains four iodine atoms:

Answer 35

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 36

Contains 3 iodine atoms:

Answer 36

Triiodothronine (T3)

Question 37

Two tiny pairs imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland:

Answer 37

Parathyroid glands

Question 38

Help control circulating calcium in the bloodstream:

Answer 38

Parathyroid

Question 39

From the chief-cells controls calcium concentrations in the bloodstream:

Answer 39

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 40

Embedded in a mass of connective tissue just behind the sternum:

Answer 40

The thymus

Question 41

Play a key role in developing and maintaining the immune system:

Answer 41

Thymosins

Question 42

Cap the surperior border of each kidney:

Answer 42

Adrenal glands

Question 43

Each adrenal gland has two parts:

Answer 43

The cortex and the medulla

Question 44

Outer portion of the capsule and produces steroid hormones collectively called corticosteroids:

Answer 44

The adrenal cortex

Question 45

Affect glucose metabolism in most cells of the body and have an anti-inflammatory affect, suppressing the activities of the immune system, secreted under ACTH stimulation:

Answer 45

Glucocorticoids

Question 46

Affect the electrolyte composition of body fluids:

Answer 46

Mineralocorticoids

Question 47

Principal mineralcorticoid and targets cells in the kidneys which cause the retention of sodium ions:

Answer 47

Aldosterone

Question 48

Sex hormones that are produced by both sexes:

Answer 48

Androgens

Question 49

Middles portion of the capsule and contains two types of cells that secrete hormones to accelerate energy utilization and mobilize energy reserves:

Answer 49

The adrenal medulla

Question 50

Hormones released by the adrenal medulla:

Answer 50

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 51

Three hormones released by the kidneys:

Answer 51

Calcitriol Erythropoietin (EPO) Renin

Question 52

Steroid hormone released in the presence of PTH:

Answer 52

Calcitriol

Question 53

Stimulates absorption of calcium and phosphate along the digestive tract thereby assisting in raising the body's calcium levels:

Question 54

Peptide hormone released in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues:

Answer 54

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 55

Stimulates the production of RBC in the bone marrow which caarries oxygen molecules and therefore increases oxgen delivery to the tissues:

Answer 55

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 56

Released by the kidney in resonse to a decrease in blood volume, blood pressure or both:

Answer 56

Renin

Question 57

Released when the cardiac muscle cells are excessively stretched:

Answer 57

Atrial natriuritic peptide (ANP)

Question 58

Both endocrine and exocrine:

Question 59

What part of the pancreas releases digestive juices through ducts in the digestive tract:

Answer 59

Exocrine part of the pancreas

Question 60

Located in patches of cells know as the Islets of Langerhans:

Answer 60

Endocrine pancreas

Question 61

Produce the hormone glucagon:

Answer 61

Alpha cells

Question 62

Produce the hormone insulin:

Answer 62

Beta cells

Question 63

Steriod sex hormones that are produced in the male testes the most important of which is testosterone:

Answer 63

Androgens

Question 64

Peptide hormone released under FSH stimulation from the anterior pituitary to inhibit FSH:

Answer 64

Inhibin

Question 65

Produce estrogens which support the egg maturation and stimulate growth of the uterine lining and provide secondary female sexual characteristics:

Answer 65

Follicular cells

Question 66

Spees the fertilized egg along the uterine tubes and prepares the uterus for the arrival of a developing egg:

Answer 66

Progesterone

Question 67

Located on the roof of the thalamus:

Answer 67

Pineal gland

Question 68

Establishes our day/night cycle:

Answer 68

Melatonin

Question 69

Group of lipid hormones found in virtually all tissues of the body, known as local hormones they only affect adjacent cells:

Answer 69

Prostaglandins