Nervous System and Senses

Question 1

The nervous system has two divisions:

Answer 1

The central nervous system (CNS)- consists of brain and spinal cord

The peripheral nervous system (PNS)- consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 2

The autonomic nervous system has two divisions:

Answer 2

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 3

Dominant in stress situations, which include anger, fear or anxiety, as well as exercise:

Answer 3

Sympathetic divison

Question 4

Dominates in relaxed (non-stressful) situations to promote normal functioning of several organ systems:

Answer 4

Parasympathetic division

Question 5

Nerve cells are called:

Answer 5

Neurons or nerve fibers

Question 6

What is essential for the continued life of the neuron:

Answer 6

The cell body with contains the nucleus

Question 7

Extensions that transmit impulses towards the cell body:

Answer 7

Dendrites

Question 8

Transmits impulses away from the cell body:

Answer 8

Axon

Question 9

It is the cell membrane of the dendrites, axon and cell body that carries the:

Answer 9

Electrical nerve impulse

Question 10

Axons and dendrites are wrapped in specialized cells called:

Answer 10

Schwann cells

Question 11

The most important of the neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system:

Answer 11

Schwann cells

Question 12

Phospholipid that electrically insulates neurons from one another:

Answer 12

Myelin

Question 13

The spaces between adjacent a Schwann cells, or segments of the myelin sheath, are called:

Answer 13

Nodes of Ranvier (neurofibral nodes)

Question 14

The nuclei and cytoplasm of the Schwann cells are outside the myelin sheath and are called:

Answer 14

The neurolemma

Question 15

Produce a chemical growth that stimulates regeneration:

Answer 15

Schwann cells

Question 16

Regulate the environment around the neurons, provide a supporting framework for neural tissue and acts as phagocytes:

Answer 16

Neuroglia

Question 17

The small space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron is the:

Answer 17

Synapse

Question 18

One important consequence of the presence of synapses is that they ensure:

Answer 18

One-way transmission of impulses in a living person

Question 19

Electrical change created by the movement of certain ions through the cell membrane:

Answer 19

Nerve impulse

Question 20

Nerve impulse transmission changes from electrical to chemical and depends on the release of neurotransmitters:

Answer 20

At synapses

Question 21

Neurons may be classified into three groups:

Answer 21

1. Sensory neurons
2. Motor neurons
3. Interneurons

Question 22

Carry impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system:

Answer 22

Sensory neurons

Question 23

Carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors:

Answer 23

Motor neurons

Question 24

Sensory and motor neurons make up the:

Answer 24

Peripheral nervous system

Question 25

Interneurons are found entirely within:

Answer 25

The central nervous system

Question 26

A group of axons and/or dendrites of many neurons with blood vessels and connective tissue:

Answer 26

Nerve

Question 27

Groups of neurons within in the central nervous system:

Answer 27

Nerve tract

Question 28

Movement of the eyeball, constriction of the pupil in bright light or for near vision:

Answer 28

Oculomotor

Question 29

Sensory in cardiac, sensory for cardiac, respiratory, and blood pressure reflexes, decreases heart rate, contraction of alimentary tube (peristalsis), increases digestive secretions:

Answer 29

Vagus

Question 30

Involuntary response to a stimulus, that is, an automatic action stimulated by a specific change of some kind:

Answer 30

Reflex

Question 31

Help keep us upright without our having to think about doing so:

Answer 31

Stretch reflexes

Question 32

Stimulus is something painful and potentially harmful, and the response is to pull away from it:

Answer 32

Flexor reflexes (withdrawal reflexes)

Question 33

Pathway nerve impulses travel when a reflex is elicited:

Answer 33

Reflex arc

Question 34

Four cavities within the brain, each contain a capillary network which forms cerebrospinal fluid:

Answer 34

Ventricles

Question 35

Cardiac centers that regulate heart rate, vasomotor centers that regulate the diameter of blodd vessels and respiratory centers that regulate breathing:

Answer 35

Medulla

Question 36

Two respiratory centers that work with the medulla to produce a normal respiratory rhythm:

Answer 36

Pons

Question 37

Visual and auditory reflexes:

Answer 37

Midbrain

Question 38

All functions are concerned with movement:

Answer 38

Cerebellum

Question 39

Largest part of the brain:

Answer 39

Cerebrum

Question 40

Surface of the cerebrum is called the:

Answer 40

Cerebral cortex

Question 41

Motor areas that generate the impulses for voluntary movement:

Answer 41

Frontal Lobe

Question 42

Reveice impulses from receptors in the skin and feel and interpret the cutaneous sensations:

Answer 42

Parietal Lobe

Question 43

Auditory area and olfactory area for hearing and smelling:

Answer 43

Temporal Lobe

Question 44

Impulses from the retinas of the eyes travel along the optic nerves to the visual areas of the:

Answer 44

Occipital Lobes

Question 45

Connective tissue membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord are called:

Answer 45

Meninges

Question 46

Three layers of the meninges:

Answer 46

1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid membrane 3. Pia mater

Question 47

Constantly provide us with information about our surroundings: we see, hear and touch:

Answer 47

Our senses

Question 48

Sensation seems to come from the area where the receptors were stimulated:

Answer 48

Projection

Question 49

Sensations felt more distinctly and to a greater degree than are others:

Answer 49

Intensity

Question 50

Effect of a previous or simultaneous sensation on a current sensation:

Answer 50

Contrast

Question 51

Becoming unaware of a continuing stimulus:

Answer 51

Adaptation

Question 52

Sensation remains in the sonsciousness even after the stimulus has stopped:

Answer 52

After-image

Question 53

Provide us with information about the external environment and also about the skin itself:

Answer 53

Cutaneous senses

Question 54

Pain that originates inan internal organ may be felt in a cutaneous area:

Answer 54

Referred pain

Question 55

Detect stretching of muscles and generate impulses, which enable the brain to create a mental picture to know where the muscles are and how they are positioned:

Answer 55

Stretch receptors (prorioceptors or muscle spindles)

Question 56

Conatin skeletal muscle that enables them to close and cover the front of the eyeball:

Question 57

Keep dust out of the eyes, on the border of each eyelid:

Answer 57

Eyelashes

Question 58

Eyelids lined with a thin membrane called the:

Answer 58

Conjunctiva

Question 59

Located at the upper, outer corner of the eyeball, within the orbit:

Answer 59

Lacrimal glands

Question 60

The eyeball is within and protected by the:

Answer 60

Orbit

Question 61

Thickest layer of the eyeball and is made of fibrous connective tissue which is visible as the white of the eye:

Answer 61

Sclera

Question 62

Differs from the rest of the sclera in that it is transparent and has no capillaries:

Answer 62

Cornea

Question 63

Contains blood vessels and a dark blue pigment that absorbs light within the eyeball and thereby prevents glare:

Answer 63

Choroid layer

Question 64

Transparent, elastic protein and has no capillaries:

Answer 64

Lens

Question 65

Colored part of the eye:

Answer 65

Iris

Question 66

Lines the posterior two thirds of the eyeball and contains the visual receptors, the rods and cones:

Answer 66

Retina

Question 67

Detect the presence of light: Detect colors:

Answer 67

Rods Cones

Question 68

A small depression directly behind the center of the lens and is the area for best color vision:

Answer 68

Fovea

Question 69

These neurons, carrying the impulses generated by the rods and cones all converge at the: Pass through the wall of the eyeball as the:

Answer 69

Optic disc Optic nerve

Question 70

The larger posterior cavity is found between the lens and retina and contains:

Answer 70

Vitreous humor

Question 71

The anterior cavity found between the front of the lens and the cornea and contains:

Answer 71

Aqueous humor

Question 72

Ear contains two receptors for two senses:

Answer 72

Hearing and equilibrium

Question 73

The outer ear consists of:

Answer 73

Auricle and ear canal

Question 74

An air-filled cavity in the temporal bone:

Answer 74

Middle ear

Question 75

Stretched across the end of the ear canal and vibrates when sound waves strike it:

Answer 75

Ear drum or Tympanic membrane

Question 76

Extends from the middle ear to the nasopharynx and permits air to enter or leave the middle ear cavity:

Answer 76

Eustachian tube

Question 77

Cavity containing the structures concerned with hearing and equilibrium:

Answer 77

Inner ear

Question 78

Membranous sacs in the inner ear:

Answer 78

Utricle and saccule