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A&P > Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
  2. Return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissue to the blood
  3. The distribution of hormones, nutrients and waste products from their tissue of origin to the general circulation
A

Primary functions of the lymphatic system

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2
Q

Components of the lymphatic system:

A
  1. Lymphatic vessels
  2. Fluid
  3. Lymphoid organs
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3
Q

Transparent liquid found within the lymphatic vessels and collected from all parts of the body (except CNS):

A

Lymph

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4
Q

How is lymph returned to the blood:

A

Lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

What is the primary cell of the lymphatic system:

A

Lymphocytes

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6
Q

Three types of cells in the lymphactic system:

A
  1. T cells
  2. B cells
  3. NK cells
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7
Q

Respond to the presence of invading pathogens (bacteria and viruses), abnormal body cells (viruses infrected cells or cancer cells) and foreign proteins (toxins):

A

Lymphocytes

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8
Q

Four types of T cells:

A
  1. Cytotoxic T cells
  2. Memory T cells
  3. Suppressor T cells
  4. Helper T cells
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9
Q

Attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses and cancer cells:

A

NK cells

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10
Q

Called killer T cells, track down and attack antigens:

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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11
Q

Remain in resrve and, if an antigen reappears, will immediately differentiate into cytotoxic T cells:

A

Memory T cells

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12
Q

Depress the responses of other T cells and B cells:

A

Suppressor T cells

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13
Q

Coordinate specific and non-specific defenses and stimulates cell-mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity:

A

Helper T cells

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14
Q

Cells activate and accelerates plasma cell production and enhances antibody production:

A

B cells

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15
Q

Allow one direction of lymph flow because of valves located within the vessels:

A

Lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

Masses of lymphoid tissue that are not surrounded by a fibrous capsule:

A

Lymph nodules

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17
Q

Lymph nodules do what:

A

Attempt to destroy bacterial and viral invaders

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18
Q

Found beneath the epithelia lining various organs of the respiratory, digestive and urinary systems (open to the outside environment):

A

Lymphoid nodules

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19
Q

Small oval fibrous casules:

A

Lymph nodes

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20
Q

Function of lymph nodes:

A

Filters and purifies lymph before it returns to the venous system (99% antignes are removed by T cells and B cells)

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21
Q

What are located in regions where they can detect and eliminate antigens before they enter a vital organ:

A

Lymph nodes

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22
Q

Site of T cell production and maturation:

A

Thymus

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23
Q

Largest collection of lymphatic tissue:

A

The spleen

24
Q

Where is the spleen located:

A

Wedged between the stomach, left kidney and diaphragm

25
Q

Function of the spleen:

A

Filter the blood as it travels through the spleen

26
Q

Removes abnormal blood cells and components, initiates an immune response and stores iron from recycled blood cells:

A

The spleen

27
Q

Security against a particular disease; non-susceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effects of an antigenic substance:

A

The condition of being immune

28
Q

The thymus lies where:

A

Behind the sternum

29
Q

Location of T cells maturation. After maturation, these cells enter the blood vessels:

A

The thymus

30
Q

Can differentiate into plasma cells that are responsible for the production and secretion of antibodies:

A

Antibody-mediated immunity/humoral immunity

31
Q

What is the primary distribution route for antibodies:

A

Blood

32
Q

Cytotoxic T cells directly attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses:

A

Cell-mediated immunity/cellular immunity

33
Q

Helper T cells:

A

Simulate the activities of the T and B cells

34
Q

Inhibit the activities of T and B cells:

A

Suppressor T cells

35
Q

Thymus dependent, 80% of circulating lymphocytes, directly attacks foreign cells/cells infected by viruses, cell-mediated immunity and direct attack:

A

T cells

36
Q

Bone marrow derived/ plasma cells, 10-15% of circulating lymphocytes, responsible for the production and secretion of anti-bodies(immunoglobulins), antibody-mediated immunity and chemical attack:

A

B cells

37
Q

Function is to destroy antigens:

A

Antibodies

38
Q

Antibodies bind with toxins or viruses making them incapable of binding to a cell:

A

Neutralization

39
Q

When a large number of antibodies bind to antigens they can form large complexes:

A

Agglutination

40
Q

Smaller antignes form insoluble masses that settle out of body fluids:

A

Precipitation

41
Q

Portions of antibody molecule change shape exposing areat that allow for the binding complement proteins:

A

Activation of complement

42
Q

Antigens covered with antibodies attract eosinphils, neutrophils and macrophages:

A

Attraction of phagocytes

43
Q

A coating of antibodies and complement proteins increases the effectiveness of phagocytosis:

A

Enhancement of phagocytosis

44
Q

Genetically determined, there has been no prior exposure or antibody production invloved, it is presnet at birth:

A

Innate immunity

45
Q

Produced becasuse of a prior exposure or antibody production:

A

Acquired immunity

46
Q

Appears after an exposure to an antigen (a consequence to an immune response):

A

Active immunity

47
Q

Results from the transfer of antibodies from another individual:

A

Passive immunity

48
Q

Infestation of the body with biological organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa or helminthes:

A

Infectious diseases

49
Q

A single celled microorganism that cause an infection characteristic of that species:

A

Bacteria

50
Q

A minute, parasitic microorganism without independent metabolic activity that can replicate only within a cell of living plant or animal host:

A

Viruses

51
Q

A spongy, abnormal growth, as proud flesh formed in a wound:

A

Fungi

52
Q

Comprising animals consisting of one cell or of a colony of like or similar cells:

A

Protozoa

53
Q

A protein based particle found to be the causative agent behind spongiform encephalopathies:

A

Prion

54
Q

Physical contact between the source and the victim:

A

Direct transmission

55
Q

The organism survives on animate or inanimate object for a period without a human host:

A

Indirect transmission

56
Q

Hiv, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Heptitis C, Meningitis and Measles:

A

Viral diseases

57
Q

Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Cholera, Plague, Anthrax and Epiglottitis:

A

Bacterial diseases

A&P (11 decks)

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