Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

1. Production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes
2. Return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissue to the blood
3. The distribution of hormones, nutrients and waste products from their tissue of origin to the general circulation

Answer 1

Primary functions of the lymphatic system

Question 2

Components of the lymphatic system:

Answer 2

1. Lymphatic vessels
2. Fluid
3. Lymphoid organs

Question 3

Transparent liquid found within the lymphatic vessels and collected from all parts of the body (except CNS):

Answer 3

Lymph

Question 4

How is lymph returned to the blood:

Answer 4

Lymphatic vessels

Question 5

What is the primary cell of the lymphatic system:

Answer 5

Lymphocytes

Question 6

Three types of cells in the lymphactic system:

Answer 6

1. T cells
2. B cells
3. NK cells

Question 7

Respond to the presence of invading pathogens (bacteria and viruses), abnormal body cells (viruses infrected cells or cancer cells) and foreign proteins (toxins):

Answer 7

Lymphocytes

Question 8

Four types of T cells:

Answer 8

1. Cytotoxic T cells
2. Memory T cells
3. Suppressor T cells
4. Helper T cells

Question 9

Attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses and cancer cells:

Answer 9

NK cells

Question 10

Called killer T cells, track down and attack antigens:

Answer 10

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 11

Remain in resrve and, if an antigen reappears, will immediately differentiate into cytotoxic T cells:

Answer 11

Memory T cells

Question 12

Depress the responses of other T cells and B cells:

Answer 12

Suppressor T cells

Question 13

Coordinate specific and non-specific defenses and stimulates cell-mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity:

Answer 13

Helper T cells

Question 14

Cells activate and accelerates plasma cell production and enhances antibody production:

Answer 14

B cells

Question 15

Allow one direction of lymph flow because of valves located within the vessels:

Answer 15

Lymphatic vessels

Question 16

Masses of lymphoid tissue that are not surrounded by a fibrous capsule:

Answer 16

Lymph nodules

Question 17

Lymph nodules do what:

Answer 17

Attempt to destroy bacterial and viral invaders

Question 18

Found beneath the epithelia lining various organs of the respiratory, digestive and urinary systems (open to the outside environment):

Answer 18

Lymphoid nodules

Question 19

Small oval fibrous casules:

Answer 19

Lymph nodes

Question 20

Function of lymph nodes:

Answer 20

Filters and purifies lymph before it returns to the venous system (99% antignes are removed by T cells and B cells)

Question 21

What are located in regions where they can detect and eliminate antigens before they enter a vital organ:

Answer 21

Lymph nodes

Question 22

Site of T cell production and maturation:

Answer 22

Thymus

Question 23

Largest collection of lymphatic tissue:

Answer 23

The spleen

Question 24

Where is the spleen located:

Answer 24

Wedged between the stomach, left kidney and diaphragm

Question 25

Function of the spleen:

Answer 25

Filter the blood as it travels through the spleen

Question 26

Removes abnormal blood cells and components, initiates an immune response and stores iron from recycled blood cells:

Answer 26

The spleen

Question 27

Security against a particular disease; non-susceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effects of an antigenic substance:

Answer 27

The condition of being immune

Question 28

The thymus lies where:

Answer 28

Behind the sternum

Question 29

Location of T cells maturation. After maturation, these cells enter the blood vessels:

Answer 29

The thymus

Question 30

Can differentiate into plasma cells that are responsible for the production and secretion of antibodies:

Answer 30

Antibody-mediated immunity/humoral immunity

Question 31

What is the primary distribution route for antibodies:

Answer 31

Blood

Question 32

Cytotoxic T cells directly attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses:

Answer 32

Cell-mediated immunity/cellular immunity

Question 33

Helper T cells:

Answer 33

Simulate the activities of the T and B cells

Question 34

Inhibit the activities of T and B cells:

Answer 34

Suppressor T cells

Question 35

Thymus dependent, 80% of circulating lymphocytes, directly attacks foreign cells/cells infected by viruses, cell-mediated immunity and direct attack:

Answer 35

T cells

Question 36

Bone marrow derived/ plasma cells, 10-15% of circulating lymphocytes, responsible for the production and secretion of anti-bodies(immunoglobulins), antibody-mediated immunity and chemical attack:

Answer 36

B cells

Question 37

Function is to destroy antigens:

Answer 37

Antibodies

Question 38

Antibodies bind with toxins or viruses making them incapable of binding to a cell:

Answer 38

Neutralization

Question 39

When a large number of antibodies bind to antigens they can form large complexes:

Answer 39

Agglutination

Question 40

Smaller antignes form insoluble masses that settle out of body fluids:

Answer 40

Precipitation

Question 41

Portions of antibody molecule change shape exposing areat that allow for the binding complement proteins:

Answer 41

Activation of complement

Question 42

Antigens covered with antibodies attract eosinphils, neutrophils and macrophages:

Answer 42

Attraction of phagocytes

Question 43

A coating of antibodies and complement proteins increases the effectiveness of phagocytosis:

Answer 43

Enhancement of phagocytosis

Question 44

Genetically determined, there has been no prior exposure or antibody production invloved, it is presnet at birth:

Answer 44

Innate immunity

Question 45

Produced becasuse of a prior exposure or antibody production:

Answer 45

Acquired immunity

Question 46

Appears after an exposure to an antigen (a consequence to an immune response):

Answer 46

Active immunity

Question 47

Results from the transfer of antibodies from another individual:

Answer 47

Passive immunity

Question 48

Infestation of the body with biological organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa or helminthes:

Answer 48

Infectious diseases

Question 49

A single celled microorganism that cause an infection characteristic of that species:

Answer 49

Bacteria

Question 50

A minute, parasitic microorganism without independent metabolic activity that can replicate only within a cell of living plant or animal host:

Answer 50

Viruses

Question 51

A spongy, abnormal growth, as proud flesh formed in a wound:

Answer 51

Fungi

Question 52

Comprising animals consisting of one cell or of a colony of like or similar cells:

Answer 52

Protozoa

Question 53

A protein based particle found to be the causative agent behind spongiform encephalopathies:

Answer 53

Prion

Question 54

Physical contact between the source and the victim:

Answer 54

Direct transmission

Question 55

The organism survives on animate or inanimate object for a period without a human host:

Answer 55

Indirect transmission

Question 56

Hiv, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Heptitis C, Meningitis and Measles:

Answer 56

Viral diseases

Question 57

Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Cholera, Plague, Anthrax and Epiglottitis:

Answer 57

Bacterial diseases