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PM2PY3 > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

(12 cards)

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1
Q

What is heart failure?

A

A clinical syndrome that affects the ability of the heart to provide sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs.

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2
Q

Classification of heart failure

A

systolic and diastolic

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3
Q

Causes of heart failure

A

Infarction (MI)
Arrhythmias
Faulty heart valves
Genetics
Uncontrolled hypertension

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4
Q

Symptoms and signs of heart failure

A

Shortness of breath
Swelling of feet and legs
Chronic lack of energy
Difficulty sleeping at night due to breathing problems
Cough with frothy sputum
Increased urination at night

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5
Q

Diagnosis of heart failure

A

X-ray
Blood tests
Echocardiogram

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6
Q

Pharmacological management of heart failure

A

Anti-hypertensive drugs (ACE inhibitors, nitrates and beta-blockers)
Diuretics -to reduce congestion in the body by removing excessive fluid and reducing blood pressure.
Calcium channel blockers block the entry of calcium, thus reducing cardiac activity and blood pressure.
Aldosterone inhibitors - increase the removal of excess sodium and fluid.

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7
Q

Non-pharmacological management of heart failure

A

Regular exercise
Balanced healthy diet (reduced salt and fat)

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8
Q

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure?

A

Systolic heart failure involves the contraction of cardiac muscles to eject blood.

Diastolic heart failure involves filling of blood in the ventricles from the atria.

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9
Q

Causes of diastolic heart failure

A

Hypertension
Endocarditis
Aortic stenosis
Cardiac myopathy

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10
Q

Causes of systolic heart failure

A

Coronary heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiac arrhythmias
Valve diseases

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11
Q

Examples of medical surgery when treating heart failure

A

CABG, Heart transplantation, coronary angioplasty

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12
Q

Examples of medical devices when treating heart failure

A

Ventricular assist device
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy

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PM2PY3 (14 decks)

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