Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

VEEB > Care of the child Musculo-skeletal,Neuro,Sensory conditions > Flashcards

Care of the child Musculo-skeletal,Neuro,Sensory conditions Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Osteomyelitis

A
  • inflammation of the bone
  • staph aureus
  • blood bone infection

s/s:

  • fever
  • pain
  • psuedoparalysis(afraid to move)

Diagnosis
-leukocylosis
-elevated esr
+ blood culture

Treatment/Nursing care

  • long term course of treatment(6-8weeks)
  • bedrest
  • iv antibiotics
  • analgesic
  • immobilization of limb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy(etiology)

A
  • Hereditary sex linked recessive
  • progressive neuromuscular disease, life expectancy, early 30s
  • fatty infiltration of muscle cells tissue breakdown
  • occur in males more

diagnosis:

  • H&P
  • serum enzymes
  • muscle biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy(signs n symptoms)

A
  • incidious(comes on gradually)
  • delayed walking
  • decrease muscle strength
  • increasing clumsiness
  • lordosis(shoulders back,rounded abdomen)
  • gowers sign(large muscles break down first, cant stand up straight)
  • usually die from PNA, ulcer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy(Treatment/Nursing Care)

A
  • poor prognosis, no cure
  • life expectancy adolensence
  • depititating-crutches w/ bedridden
  • prevention of complication
  • skin care
  • PT/OT
  • emotional support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

COXA-PLANA Disease aka LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES Disease(Etiology)

A
  • lack of circulation to femoral head
  • 4-8 years with limp cause unknown
  • trauma of synovities prior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

COXA-PLANA Disease aka LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES Disease(nursing care/treatment)

A
  • Rest, allow child to repair itself
  • Bucks traction-puls in one place keeping in alignment
  • hip bracing
  • maintain ROM
  • limit activity during treatment
  • prognosis is good for hip degeneration in later years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bone Tumors

A
  • Benign: causes deformity and pain

- malignant-development of abnormal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bone Tumors(Ewing Sarcoma)

A
  • growth in marrow of the long bones
  • metastisis tp lungs and other bones

s/s: pain,possible mass at the site,possible fx
tx:chemo and radiation, good prognosis provided caught early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bone Tumors(Osteosarcoma)

A

-primary malignant tumor of long bones
-metas to the lungs
s/s:pain,limited mobility,obvious tumor mass
TX:amputation and chemo
Nursing care: post op care,potential for infection,coping family support,phantom limb pain,prosthesis-P/T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Juvenilele Rheumatoid Arthritis(Stills Disease)(Etiology)

A

-most common form of arthritis
-systemtic fever x10days, invovle internal organs(liver,spleen enlargement)
-polyarticular=arthritis in 5 or more joints
-pauciarticular=arthritis in 4 or more joints
S/S:swollen joints,enlarged liver and spleen,anemeia,anorexia,rash,pericarditis,myocarditis,potential for
-uueitis=inflammation of anterior chamber of the eye, check eyes every year for blindness
Dx:ANA, no cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Juvenilele Rheumatoid Arthritis(Stills Disease)(Treatment/nursing care)

A
  • no cure, treat symptoms
  • NSAIDs, ,anti-inflammatory-hepatoxcity,effect the Gi system, ROM exerxcies
  • prevent ankylosis(deformity of the joints)
  • PT/OT to decrease ankylosis
  • heat packs and warm showers-increase blood supply and decrease swelling
  • good nutrition
  • immunization delay because immunity decreased because of the use of corticorsteroids
  • prognosis: subsides over a few years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scoliosis(Etiology)

A
  • curvture of the spine
  • common in females

Functional:poor posture, no treatment
Structural:congenital,neuromuscular,diopathic(just happens we dont know)

Screening:pt. bends over feel spine
Dx: X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scoliosis(Treatment & Nursing care)

A

-curves under 20degrees=observation,good posture,backpack safety
-curves 20-40degrees=boston brace,milwaukee brace,daily exercise
-curves greater than 40degrees=harrington rods,spinal fusion
patient education:
-wear brace 23 hrs a day
-tee shirt under brace(skin integrity)
-body image in adolescents
-surgery:pre-op teaching,post op care, potential for constipation,log rolls,physical therapy,going to be immobile after surgery,dehersereanants after surgery because skin tight in the back, physical therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydrocephalus(etiology)

A
  • excessive fluid in head around the brain
  • increase CSF in ventricles of the brain
  • increase intracranial pressure
  • increase head circumference
  • congenital or acquired
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrcephalus(Sign and symptoms)

A
  • lethargy
  • shrill cry,poor muscle tone,poor appetite
  • seizures
  • bulging fontanels
  • increase head circumfeence
  • seperated cranial sutures(increase fluid pushed them apart)
  • getting sun eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydrcephalus(assessment)

A
  • head circumference
  • transillumnation
  • MRI,cat scan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydrcephalus(treatment)

A

-ventriculo-peritoneal shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydrcephalus(pre-op care prior to shunt placement)

A
  • Temp and Pulse q2h
  • support head
  • quiet feeding/quiet environment,prone to vomitting and seizures
  • check fontanels
  • monitor head circumference
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hydrcephalus(post-op care vp shunt)

A
  • position baby on unoperative side
  • initally flat then gradually increase HOB
  • observe signs of malfunction
  • monitor fontanels,sunken or bulging,adjust position
  • observe for s/s of infection,possible menigitis/peritonitis
  • skin care
  • nutrition and emotional support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydrcephalus(parent teaching for VP shunt)

A
  • recognize signs of increase intercranial pressure,malfunction,infection
  • importance of the flu care and need for shunt revision
  • safety-child may have tendency to be unbalanced
  • early intervention: PT/OT/SPEECH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Spina Bifida(etiology)

A
  • congenital embryonic neutal tube defect
  • imperfect closure of spinal vertebrae

prenatal diagnosis

  • alfa-fetal protein(AFP) level at 3-15weeks
  • amniocentesis is indicated
  • folic acid decreases incidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spina Bifida(2 types)

A
  1. Spina bifida Occulta

2. Spina Bifida Cystica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

-minor varistion, opening in spinal column small and no protrusion of structures

s/s: -tuft of hair or small dimple

  - occurs at L1 or S1
  - no treatment unless symptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spina Bifida Cystica

A
  • Meningocele: cyst containing meninges and CSF
  • size varies
  • usually no neuromuscular symptoms
  • surgery needed

Myelomeningocele

  • defect in bony canal meninges csf. and spinal cord
  • S/S:
  • visible sac
  • B&B control poor
  • leg paralysis
  • hydrocephalus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tx of Spina Bifidas
- intra-uterine surgery - c-section and surgery within 24hrs - repairs defect - prevents hydrocephalus - latex free environment
26
Nursing care Spina Bifida
Pre-OP - moist saline dressing - assesment of sack - avoid pressure on sac - neuro assessment - skinn care(no diapering) - help promotoe parent-infant relationship Post-Op - observe dressing - monitor for ICP, VS,for infection,for leakage - parent teaching/expectations - intelligence/learning ability not effected - independence is compromised - long term family goals - focus on childs accomplishments - catherization procedures - bowel control - precautions of latex allergic reaction - observe for s/s of complication of immobility
27
Reyes Syndrome
- viral infection - hepatopathy: ammonia level, bleeding - encephalopathy - no aspirin - neuro checks - HIB vaccine
28
Meningitis(etiology)
- inflammation of the meninges - may be viral or bacterial - peak incidence 6 to 12 months - droplet infection/resp infection - HIB vaccine useful to decrease risk
29
Meningitis(s/s)
- severe headache - stiff neck - irritability - fever - restlessness - petechiae - vomiting - nuchal rigidity
30
Lumbar puncture
- small amount of CSF is extracted | - CSF should be clear
31
Lumbar puncture(nursing care)
- place child in lateral position - hold neck and thighs to make a curve in spine - talk quietly to child for reassurance - quiet environment - iv fluids and iv antibiotics - anticonvulsants - comfort and safety measures post LP - resp isolation-72 ABX - monitor iv fluids I/O - observe for signs of increase ICP - neuro checks - tylenol for fever - immunizations
32
Encephalitis(defintion)
- inflammation of the brain | - usually viral
33
Encephalitis(s/s)
- headaches - drowsiness - change in mental status - coma - seizures
34
Encephalitis(Tx)
- supportive care - oxygen - sedatives - antipyretics - iv fluids - antibiotics
35
Encephalitis(nursing care)
- neuro check - v/s - i&o - T&P
36
Brain turmors
-2nd common childhood cancer -s/s depend on site -treatment: radiation,surgery,chemotherapy nursing care:monitor vs,observe for increase ICP,emotional support
37
Neuroblastoma(eitology)
- develops in utero - adrneal gland - abdominal mass - HTN-tachycardia - resp depression
38
Neuroblastoma(Dx)
- palpated mass in abdomen - ct scan - biopsy
39
Neuroblastoma(Tx)
- surgery - chemo - radiation
40
Neuroblastoma(nursing care)
- poor prognosis, due to metastasis before discovery | - emotional support
41
Mental retardation
- below average mental functioning - deficit in adaptive behavior - onset before 18 - 3 components: memory,mood,language - early intervention - emphasize strengths - family support - AHRC
42
Downs Syndrome(Trisomy 21)
mild-severe mental retardation | -
43
Downs Syndrome(Trisomy 21)(S/S)
- small head - round face - flat nose - protruding tongue - close set eyes - simian crease - short thick hands: congenital heart defects - family counseling - strive to potential - self-actualization
44
Head Injuries(etiology)
- concussion/skull fx | - shaken baby syndrome
45
Head Injuries(s/s)
- increased ICP - headache - hypoxia - change of LOC
46
Head Injuries(nursing care)
- observe for LOC- wake child if neccessary - monitor for ICP - observe for posturing - decerebrate=all 4 limbs extended, hands flexed back - decorticate=arms wrist fingers flexed up
47
Decerebrate
all 4 limbs extended, hands flexed back
48
Decorticate
arms wrist fingers flexed up
49
Otitis Media(etiology)
- inflammation of middle ear due 2 upper resp infection - communicable disease complication - haemophilius influenzae - baby w/ bottle in bed - second hand smoke
50
Otitis Media(s/s)
- pain in ear, pulling on ear - irritability - diminished hearing - fever - headache - vomit and diarrhea - potential for rupture of eardrum
51
Otitis Media(Tx)
- broad spectrum antibiotic if throat culture positive - analgesics - ear drops - under 3yrs: pinna down n back - over 3yrs-inna up an back - no cotton in ears - myringotomy
52
Otitis Media(Nursing care)
- meds as ordered-Ax and tylenol - no cotton in ear - place child on affected side if drum is ruptures - cold compress for pain relief - check temp - avoid water in ears
53
Hearing Impairment(etiology)
- prenatal viral infection or german measels - acquired deafness: measles, mumps, meningitis exposure to loud noise - temporary due to wax build up - chronic ear infections - neurological deficit
54
Astigmitism
- irregular shaped cornea or lense - causes blurring vision - treated with corrective lenses
55
Amblyopia
- lazy eye - decrease muscle - vision reduction - patch good eye(unpatch 2hrs/24) - can occur up to 9yrs of age
56
Strabismus
- cross eyes-unable to focus both eyes at same time - move head instead of just eyes - glasses - patch unaffected eye - vision therapy
57
conjuctivitis
- conjuctiva inflamed - redness,drainage - transferable - treated with eye drops or ointment - handwashing - keeping person items seperate
58
hyphema
etiology: bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye usually cause by blunt or penetrating trauma - tx: both eyes are patched, cbr to prvent increase intracranial pressure and allows the re-absorption of the blood
59
cataracts
- opaque lens - congenital - hereditary - non-hereditary - surgery
60
Retinoblastoma(etiology)
- malignant tumor | - chromosome 13
61
Retinoblastoma(s/s)
- yellow/white reflex | - cats eye
62
Retinoblastoma(tx)
- cyrosurgery-freezing by laser - photocoagulation-destroys blood vessels by laser - enucleation-removal of eye - chemotherapy
63
Retinoblastoma(Nursing Care)
- pressure dressing - elbow restraints - eye prothesis - emotional support
64
Cerebral Palsy(etiology)
- anoxia at bitrth(lack of o2 to brain) - prenatal - preinatal - non pregressive - intelligence not necessarily affected * person responsible for american disability act had cp
65
Cerebral Palsy(nursing care)
- early intervention - Rom - socializaiton - family support
66
Seizures(etiology)
- altered neurological impulse causing rapid muscle contraction - causes unknown, fever, trauma,brain tumor - tonic-clonic(gran mal) - aura - tonic/clonic - postictal lethary
67
Status epilepticus
- prolonged seizures | - sudden stopping of medication
68
Epilepsy
-chronica medical condition causeing seizures
69
Absence(petit mal)
-twiching , facial tics,blinking of eyes
70
Febrile
- most common | - caused by rapidly increasing temp
71
myoclonic
-sligh short lasting seizures
72
infantile spasms
- seen in premies with under developed nerous systems | - child is very jumpy and twitching

VEEB (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions