Case Study: Development Flashcards
Describe India (5)
It is an emerging country, second largest population of 1.3billion
British colony until 1947, now has a democratic government
Bollywood films give it cultural significance
It is an attractive place for tourism
Large coastlines allow for ports
How has Indias economy changed since 1990 (how has this affected trade?)
GDP per trillion from 0.3 to 2.1
Tertiary and quaternary at 45%
Primary and secondary at 69% of the workforce
1990- exports of low value manufactured goods, imports of machinery and chemicals.
2015- exports of high value manufactured goods like machinery and imports of crude oil
How have globalisation and government policies increased development?
Globalisation- 50% of Indians have phones, it has enabled many to start their own businesses increasing their income.
-12major ports and 20 international airports. Has a rail network carrying 8 billion yearly and 3million tonnes of freight per day. Trade increases therefore TNCs are more likely to invest.
-big companies outsource manufacturing to India which brings jobs, greater income from taxes and the latest technology and business practices.
Government- 1991 received 2.1billion in aid from IMF in exchange for reduced taxes on imported goods
-2009 india made primary education free and compulsory 96% now enrole in school. Having an educated workforce fuels development.
-Rail, roads and airports are being built which reduce travel time.
-they are relaxing the rules on how much land, property or building FDI investors can buy and own.
How is development causing population change in India?
Birth rates in India are high
Death rates and infant of mortality have fallen due to better healthcare and health education. It means:
-Indias population is rapidly increasing (1990 870mill to 2015 1.3 bill)
-majority are young (28% are under 14)
-life expectancy (1990 from 58 to 68)
Birth rate falling 4 to 2.4 due to growing wealth and education.
Urban areas are growing due to migration. 26% in urban to 33%
4 megacities with 3 more expected by 2020
How and why are some areas of India developing faster than others?
The gap between rich and poor is increasing.
Manufacturing industry growth helps urban areas more than rural areas. GDP per capita is highest in these areas south and west states.
More money is spent on these areas to attract TNCs and FDIs the development improves quality of life.
Bihar is a rural state where undernourishment is common as people cant afford food, children work than go to school
What are the positive impacts of Economic development?
- All age groups have better health. Old people live longer, lower infant mortality and maternal mortality.
- higher education has given young graduates access to better jobs and many adults have better literacy
- better gender equality, women have better access to education and access to contraception and family planning advice
What are the negative impacts of economic development?
- rapid industrialisation means young working men may have to do dangerous jobs with poor and dangerous working conditions due to lack of regulations
- children in rural areas get poor education due to a lack of teachers
- children will work in agriculture
- it is still unsafe for women due to gender inequality
- when men go to work women are left to care for the entire household
What are the effects of economic development on the environment?
More greenhouse gases due to industrialisation, 7% from India alone
More air pollution from factories and vehicles. Gases are deadly and can kill. 0.5million died from air pollution yearly
Urban sprawl leads to land and water pollution, lack of infrastructure means about 70% of Indias sewage flows untreated into rivers. Dangerous chemical dumped from factories instead of safe disposal.
How is Indias Global influence increasing?
Joined ASEAN, an organisation of southeast asia.
Member of UN, WTO(world trade organisation and G20 ( a group of largest 20 economies)
How has Economic growth changed Indias relationship with USA and EU?
- India used to have poor relations with USA, the USA expects the development of India to increase trade, employment, and economic growth in both countries. The US sees india as a huge market for renewable energy because of the number of industry and wealth.
- They have good relations with the EU and they became strategic partners in 2004. Negotiations for a free trade agreement began in 2007. The EU promotes health and education programmes in india to promote continued development.
What are the costs and benefits to foreign influences on India?
Developing tension between India and China as both have rapid,y growing economies and are concerned about losing power.
Improved relations mean India can cooperate with other countries on global issues e.g. climate change.
Foreign investment is bringing wealth and jobs but they cause environmental problems, concern about how much water coca cola use. Large retailers will destroy street selling
TNCs can withdraw business at any time
