what is the RL enzyme in formation of dopamine, norep, and ep
tyrosine hydroxylase
what enzyme is used to convert norep to epin
PNMT
4 major pathways in the brain that utilize dopamine at their NT
1) substantia nigra dopaminergic pathway: motor control, damaged in parkinson’s disease
2) mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway: from ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens, pleasure/reward and alteriation assocaited with addiction
3) mesocortical: ventral tegmental area to cortex, attention and higher levels of consciousness
- damage alters cognition/consciousness, dysfunction linked to schizophrenia
4) tuberinfundibular pathway: hypothalamus to anterior pituitary, blocks prolactin release from anterior pituit
what cluster of neurons is norepinephrine found in
and role of norep
loucs ceruleus,
-crutial role in waking us up and awareness
which VMAT is involved in the neuronal vesicular monamine transport
VMAT2
VMAT 1 and 2 are sensitive to what drug
reserpine, reduces the amount of monoamines packaged into the vesicles
-used to treat hypertension
alpha 1 subtype catecholamine receptors
Gq
alpha 2 subtype catecholamine receptor
Gi
B adrenergic receptors are what type of G
Gs
dopamine receptors, D-1 like receptors
D1 and D5
-activate Gs
D2 like receptors
D2,3,4
-activate Gi
which dopamine receptors are found in high concentration in regions of the brain innervated by substantia nigra
D1: movement
D2: inhibition of motion
which dopamine receptor is strongly associated with pleasure/reward system
D3
what 2 enzymes are used to destroy catecholamines
MAO and COMT
what 2 enzymes are required for serotonin syn
trp hydroxylase (RL step) -5-hydroxytrp decarboxylase
5-HT2a receptor associated with
platelet aggregation and SM contraction
which of the 5-HT receptors is the only one that is ionotropic
5-HT3
5-HT1 receptors are assocaited with __ proteins
Gi
5-HT2 receptors are assocaited with ___ proteins
Gq
5-HT2c receptor role
controlling normal body weight and preventing seizures
what enzyme removes serotonin from synaptic cleft
MAO
Histamine receptors how many
3
-H1,2,3
H3 receptors
located presynaptically and activation of these receptors decreases the release of histamine from presynaptic terminal
H1 and H2 receptors
mediate neruonal effects of histamine
removal of histamine from synaptic cleft
diamine oxidase