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cell bio Flashcards

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1
Q

cells

A

the basic structural and functional units of every organism. there are two types, prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

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2
Q

cells characteristics

A

all cells are all bounded by selective membrane called the plasma membrane, they all have cytosol and all cells contain chromosomes

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3
Q

cytosol

A

a jellylike substance that is in all cells

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4
Q

difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

location of DNA, eukaryotic cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells

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5
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

most of the DNA is an organelle called the nucleus which is bounded by a double membrane. protists, fungi, animals and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells

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6
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

the DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane-enclosed called the nucleoid. organisms of the domains bacteria and archea consists of prokaryotic cells

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7
Q

animal cell(12 things)

A

consist of endoplasmic reticulum(er), (nuclear envelope,nucleolus, chromatin which make up the nucleous) plasma membrane, ribosomes, golgi apparatus,lysome, mitochondrion, peroxisome,microvill, (microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments, which is the cytoskeleton), centrosome, and flagellum.

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8
Q

animal cells do not have

A

chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, plasmodesmata

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9
Q

plant cells do not have

A

lysosomes, centrosomes, with centrioles flagella( but present in some plant sperm)

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10
Q

plant cell(12 things)

A

consist of rough endoplasmic reticulu, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, central vacuole, (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules which is the cytoskeleton) chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, cell wall, plasma membrane, peroxisome mitochondrion, golgi apparatus and the nucleous)

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11
Q

nucleus

A

contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell(some genes are located in mitochondria and chloroplast)

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12
Q

nuclear envelope

A

is a double membrane, it encloses the nucleus, separating its content from the cytoplasm

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13
Q

nuclear lamina

A

a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleous by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope

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14
Q

chromosome

A

a cellular structure carrying genetic material(dna) found in the nucleous of eukaryotic cells

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15
Q

chromatin

A

the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. when the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope

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16
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

manufactures and packages proteins

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17
Q

nuclear pores

A

act as doorways between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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18
Q

t/f cytoskeleton has 2 parts

A

f. cytoskeleton has 3 parts :microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

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19
Q

t/f all eukaryotic cells have microtubules

A

true. all eukaryotic cells have microtubules

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20
Q

t/f microfilaments are the thickest

A

false. microfilaments are the thinnest

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21
Q

t/f microtubules are the thickest

A

true. microrubules are the thickest

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22
Q

t/f intermediate filaments are fibers with diameters in the middle range

A

true. intermediate filaments are fibers with diameters in the middle range

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23
Q

t/f microfilaments are also called actin filaments

A

true. microfilaments are also called actin filaments

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24
Q

actin filaments are known as

A

microfilaments

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25
cytoskeleton function
to give mechanical support to the cell and maintain its shape
26
t/f in plant cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome.
false. in animal cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome. (page 160)
27
centrosome
a region that is often located near the nucleus and is considered a microtubulue organizing center
28
within in the centrosome is a pair of
centrioles
29
t/f centrioles are compose of 18 sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring
false, centrioles are each composed with nine sets of triplet microtubulues arranged in a ring (page 160)
30
before an animal cell divides, the centrioles
replicate
31
t/f fungi and almost all plant cells do not lack centrosomes with centrioles but have well orgainzed microtubules
false. fungi and almost all plant cells lack centrosomes with centrioles but have well organized microtubules(pg 160)
32
t/f in a womens reproductive tract, the cilia lining the oviducts help move an egg toward the uterus
true. in a womens reproductive tract, the cilia lining the oviducts help move an egg toward the uterus (page 160)
33
t/f flagella and cilia are the same in their beating pattern
false. flagella and cilia differ in their beating pattern(160)
34
t/f microfilaments are not present in all eukaryotic cells
false. microfilaments are present in all eukaryotic cells
35
the structural role of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton is to
bear tension(pulling forces) (page 162)
36
bundles of microfilaments make up the core of
microvilli(page 163)
37
intermediate filaments specialize
in bearing tension (like microfilaments) page 164
38
the cell wall protects
the plant cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water (pg 164)
39
t/f prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists also have cell walls
true, plant cells, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists also have cell walls (pg164)
40
t/f plant cell walls are thinner than the plasma membrane
false. plant cell walls are much thinner than the plasma membrane. (page 164)
41
all cells are bounded by
a plasma membrane
42
t/f the chloroplast is where photosynthesises happens
true
43
Which cell feature is responsible for making proteins?
ribosomes
44
What is the name of the jelly-like substance that is inside the cell?
cytoplasm
45
What cell feature is responsible for powering the cell?
mitochondria
46
Where in the cell does DNA replication take place?
nucleus
47
What is one major feature that plant cells have that animal cells do not?
cell wall
48
Chromosomes are found in _____________________ of cells.
nucleus
49
in most eukaryotic cells, the largest organelle is the
nucleus
50
eukaryotic cell def
a type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles
51
the rest of the organelles in an eukaryotic cell are located in the
cytoplasm
52
prokaryotic cell def
a type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed organelle
53
dna
(deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic material
54
genes
the units of inheritance that transmit info from parents to offspring
55
proteins play structural roles and are also responsible for carrying out
cellular work
56
as a cell prepares to divide
the dna of chromosomes replicate
57
each dna molecule, is made up of two long chanis called
strands that are arranged in a double helix
58
each chain of dna is made up of 4 kinds of chemical building blocks called
nucleotides, abbreviated A,T,C,G
59
sequential arrangements of the four nucleotide letters encode the information into
genes, which are typically hundreds or thousands of nucleotides long
60
are the main players in building and maintaing the cell and carrying out its activities
proteins
61
enzymes, which ________ specific chemical reactions are mostly_________ are crucial to all cells
catalyze, proteins
62
the entire process by which the information in a gene directs the production of a cellular product
gene expression
63
t/f differences between organisms reflect differences between their nucleotide sequences rather than between their genetic codes
true(page 55)
64
geneome
the genetic material of an organism or virus
65
a typical human cell has 2 similar sets of chromosomes, and each set has DNA totaling
about 3 billion neuocleotide pairs
66
the most common form of regulation in living systems is
negative feedback- a form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows the process
67
positive feedback
an end product speeds up its own production
68
an example of positive feedback
if you have an injury, clood clots up that inured spot
69
most prokaryotes are single
celled and microscopic
70
prokaryotic have a diameter of
.05-5nm
71
eukaryotes have a diameter of
10-100 nm

mcat (11 decks)

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