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eukaryotic cell Flashcards

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1
Q

eukaryotic cell def

A

a type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles

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2
Q

cytosol

A

a jellylike substance that is in all cells

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3
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

most of the DNA is an organelle called the nucleus which is bounded by a double membrane. protists, fungi, animals and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells

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4
Q

animal cell(12 things)

A

consist of endoplasmic reticulum(er), (nuclear envelope,nucleolus, chromatin which make up the nucleous) plasma membrane, ribosomes, golgi apparatus,lysome, mitochondrion, peroxisome,microvill, (microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments, which is the cytoskeleton), centrosome, and flagellum.

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5
Q

animal cells do not have

A

chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, plasmodesmata

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6
Q

plant cells do not have

A

lysosomes, centrosomes, with centrioles flagella( but present in some plant sperm)

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7
Q

plant cell(12 things)

A

consist of rough endoplasmic reticulu, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, central vacuole, (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules which is the cytoskeleton) chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, cell wall, plasma membrane, peroxisome mitochondrion, golgi apparatus and the nucleous)

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8
Q

nucleus

A

contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell(some genes are located in mitochondria and chloroplast)

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9
Q

nuclear lamina

A

a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleous by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope

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10
Q

chromosome

A

a cellular structure carrying genetic material(dna) found in the nucleous of eukaryotic cells

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11
Q

chromatin

A

the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. when the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope

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12
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

manufactures and packages proteins

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13
Q

nuclear pores

A

act as doorways between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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14
Q

t/f cytoskeleton has 2 parts

A

f. cytoskeleton has 3 parts :microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

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15
Q

t/f all eukaryotic cells have microtubules

A

true. all eukaryotic cells have microtubules

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16
Q

t/f microfilaments are the thickest

A

false. microfilaments are the thinnest

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17
Q

t/f microtubules are the thickest

A

true. microrubules are the thickest

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18
Q

t/f intermediate filaments are fibers with diameters in the middle range

A

true. intermediate filaments are fibers with diameters in the middle range

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19
Q

t/f microfilaments are also called actin filaments

A

true. microfilaments are also called actin filaments

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20
Q

actin filaments are known as

A

microfilaments

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21
Q

cytoskeleton function

A

to give mechanical support to the cell and maintain its shape

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22
Q

t/f in plant cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome.

A

false. in animal cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome. (page 160)

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23
Q

centrosome

A

a region that is often located near the nucleus and is considered a microtubulue organizing center

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24
Q

within in the centrosome is a pair of

A

centrioles

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25
t/f centrioles are compose of 18 sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring
false, centrioles are each composed with nine sets of triplet microtubulues arranged in a ring (page 160)
26
before an animal cell divides, the centrioles
replicate
27
t/f fungi and almost all plant cells do not lack centrosomes with centrioles but have well orgainzed microtubules
false. fungi and almost all plant cells lack centrosomes with centrioles but have well organized microtubules(pg 160)
28
t/f in a womens reproductive tract, the cilia lining the oviducts help move an egg toward the uterus
true. in a womens reproductive tract, the cilia lining the oviducts help move an egg toward the uterus (page 160)
29
t/f flagella and cilia are the same in their beating pattern
false. flagella and cilia differ in their beating pattern(160)
30
t/f microfilaments are not present in all eukaryotic cells
false. microfilaments are present in all eukaryotic cells
31
the structural role of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton is to
bear tension(pulling forces) (page 162)
32
bundles of microfilaments make up the core of
microvilli(page 163)
33
intermediate filaments specialize
in bearing tension (like microfilaments) page 164
34
the cell wall protects
the plant cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water (pg 164)
35
t/f prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists also have cell walls
true, plant cells, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists also have cell walls (pg164)
36
t/f plant cell walls are thinner than the plasma membrane
false. plant cell walls are much thinner than the plasma membrane. (page 164)
37
all cells are bounded by
a plasma membrane
38
t/f the chloroplast is where photosynthesises happens
true
39
Which cell feature is responsible for making proteins?
ribosomes
40
What is the name of the jelly-like substance that is inside the cell?
cytoplasm
41
What cell feature is responsible for powering the cell?
mitochondria
42
Where in the cell does DNA replication take place?
nucleus
43
What is one major feature that plant cells have that animal cells do not?
cell wall
44
Chromosomes are found in _____________________ of cells.
nucleus
45
in most eukaryotic cells, the largest organelle is the
nucleus
46
the rest of the organelles in an eukaryotic cell are located in the
cytoplasm
47
most of the different membranes of the eukaryotic cell are part of the
endomembrane system
48
endomembrane system includes (6 things)
the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles and the plasma membrane
49
endoplasmic reticulum (er)
an extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome stubbed(rough) and ribsome free(smooth) regions
50
describe the functional and structural differences between rough and smooth er?
structural difference: the presence of bound ribosomes on the rough er Fuctional difference: membrane proteins and secretory proteins are all produced on the rough er the smooth er functions in detoxification, carbohydrates metabolism, and storage of calcium ions both types of er make phospholipids
51
golgi appartus
an organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modifies, sort and packages proteins and sends them to other parts of the cell
52
the golgi apparatus is the
post office for cells
53
lysomes
``` function as the digestive and waste disposal organelles of the cell and enable the cell to utilize nutrients a membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and protist ```
54
excessive leakage from a number of lyosomes can
destroy a cell by self-digestion
55
if a lyosome breaks open or leaks its contentents,
the released enzymes are not very active because the cytosol has a neutral pH.
56
nuclear envelop is also known as
nuclear membrane
57
nuclear envelope
separates the nucleus from the rest if the cells, it is double membrane, it is embedded with specialized proteins called nuclear pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm
58
cell membrane is also known as
plasma membrane
59
plasma membrane is also known as
cell membrane
60
plasma membrane
the membrane at the boundary of every cell, encloses and protects the contents of the cell, made up of phospholipid bi-layer embedded with specialized proteins
61
vacuoles
are large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi appartus, there are 3 types
62
3 types of vacuoles
food vacuole, contractile vacuoles, ventral vacuoles
63
food vacuole
formed by phagocytosis
64
phagocytosis
a type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by the cell, it is carried out by some protist and certain immune cells of animals
65
contractile vacuole
pumps excess water out of the cell thereby maintaining a suitable concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell
66
mature plant cells generally contain
a large central vacuole
67
central vacuole
develops by the coalescence of smaller vacuoles
68
the solution inside the central vacuole is called
cell sap (pg 154)
69
___________is an important parameter affecting cell size and shape
surface to volume ratio
70
mitochondrion
structure: bounded by double membrane, inner membrane has foldings(cristae) Function cellular respiration
71
chloroplast
structure: typically 2 membranes around fluid stroma, which contains thylakoids stacked into grana function: photosynthesis
72
peroxisome
structure: specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane Function: contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from substrates to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide as a by product, hydrogen peroxide is converted to water by another enzyme

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