ch8 midterm 2

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

the collection of chemical reactions that occur in an organism

Question 2

metabolic pathways

Answer 2

starts with a certain molecule, which is then changed in a series of defined steps, that results in a certain product. each step of the pathway is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. metabolic pathway can be catabolic or anabolic

Question 3

metabolism as a whole, manages

Answer 3

the material and energy resources of the cell

Question 4

catabolic pathways

Answer 4

breakdown pathways (big to small)

Question 5

Some metabolic pathways release

Answer 5

energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds.

Question 6

anabolic pathways

Answer 6

consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones (small to big)

Question 7

another name for anabolic pathway is

Answer 7

biosynthetic pathways

Question 8

energy is essential for

Answer 8

all metabolic processes

Question 9

bioenergetics,

Answer 9

the study of how energy flows through living organisms

Question 10

energy

Answer 10

the capacity to cause change

Question 11

kinetic energy

Answer 11

relative motion of objects

Question 12

thermal energy

Answer 12

is kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

Question 13

heat

Answer 13

thermal energy in transfer from one object to another

Question 14

t/f Light is also a type of energy that can be harnessed to perform work, such as powering photosynthesis in green plants.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

potential energy

Answer 15

is energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure( energy that is not kinetic is potential energy)

Question 16

chemical energy

Answer 16

the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction.

Question 17

the study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Answer 17

thermodynamics

Question 18

thermodynamics

Answer 18

the study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Question 19

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 19

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 20

another name for the 1st law of thermodynamics is

Answer 20

principle of conservation of energy.

Question 21

free energy

Answer 21

the portion of a systems energy that can perform when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system as in a living system

Question 22

for all spontaneous reactions, delta G is

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

processes that have zero or a positive delta G is

Answer 23

never spontaneous

Question 24

every spontaneous process decreases

Answer 24

the systems free energy

Question 25

when a process occurs spontaneously in a system, we can be sure that ΔG

Answer 25

is negative.

Question 26

delta G is

Answer 26

difference between the free energy of the final state and the free energy of the initial state:

Question 27

delta G is the change

Answer 27

in free energy

Question 28

delta G can be negative only when

Answer 28

the process involves a loss of free energy during the change from initial state to final

Question 29

unstable systems (higher G) tend to change in such a way that

Answer 29

they become more stable (lower G)

Question 30

equilibrium

Answer 30

anther term that describes the maximum stability

Question 31

as a reaction goes toward the equilibrum,

Answer 31

the free energy of the reactants and the products decreases

Question 32

for a system at equilibrum, G

Answer 32

is the lowest possible value of the system

Question 33

any change from the equilibrum position will have

Answer 33

a positive delta G and will not be spontaneous

Question 34

t/f a system at equilibrum will do work

Answer 34

false. a system at equilibrum can do NO work

Question 35

A process is spontaneous and can perform work only

Answer 35

when it is moving toward equilibrium.

Question 36

Based on their free-energy changes, chemical reactions can be classified as either

Answer 36

exergonic (“energy outward”) or endergonic (“energy inward”).

Question 37

t/f braking of bonds releases energy

Answer 37

false, breaking of bonds does not release energy(it requires energy though)

Question 38

An endergonic reaction

Answer 38

is one that absorbs free energy from its surroundings

Question 39

An exergonic reaction

Answer 39

proceeds with a net release of free energy