Cell communication

Question 1

what is intra vs inter cell comm

Answer 1

intra is internal
inter is between 2 diff cells

Question 2

What is endo memb syst

Answer 2

Series of memb, organelles, vesicles, that take the nucl info and turns it into protein
proteins made in rough ER move to Golgi apparatus

Question 3

what is secretory pathway hypothesis and simple steps (5)

Answer 3

predicts the route the proteins take
1. signal hypothesis - if protein has special postal code, ribo goes to ER, binds to signal recognition protein that binds to receptor
2/3.go to Golgi from Er - enters from cis, leaves from trans side, enzymes add carb chains
4/5. shipped from golgi -carb chains act as new postal code for after

Question 4

What are pathways after golgi app

Answer 4

to nucl - if it has nuclear localization signal, goes through nuclear pore
to outer memb of cell and become memb prot
can leave cell completely

Question 5

What are the types of inter cell comm (6)

Answer 5

autocrine - acts on same cell
paracrine- to adjacent cells
endocrine - signals through blood/fluids
neural - by neurons
neuroendocrine - by neurons but go through blood/fluid to other cells
pheromones - to diff indiv(not very important rn)

Question 6

what are 2 types of connection betwen cells

Answer 6

tight junctions - make watertight seals, memb to memb
desmosomes - proteins that link cytoskeltons, like rivets

Question 7

what allows adjacent cells to comm

Answer 7

cell-cell gaps
direct connection
plasmodemata- in plants, can connect organelles from diff cells
gap junctions in animals, made by memb proteins

Question 8

How do distant cells comm

Answer 8

hormones - endocrine
neurotransmission - neural

Question 9

how do cells get signals/ where are signal receptor proteins

Answer 9

has receptor proteins - signal receptors
change shape after binding to signal molec
most in plasma memb
except steroid hormone receptors are in cell

Question 10

What is signal transuction pathway

Answer 10

used by hydrophyllic horm that can’t cross memb
turns external hormone into new intracell signal
uses G - Proteins
G-prot triggers intercell second messenger
second messenger triggers activation inside cell
1. sig received
2. sig transduced
3. sig amplified
4. cell responds

Question 11

What are G proteins (location, energy sources, effect)

Answer 11

proteins memb located INSIDE OF CELL
activated when binding to GTP
turns GTP into GDP
activates enz that catalyze production of Second messengers

Question 12

How do G prot work

Answer 12

1. binds GDP and receptor on inside, waiting
2. sign recept changes shape with ligand, G prot binds GTP and splits
3. G prot binds to enz which makes catalyzes production of second messenger

Question 13

what is end result of cells responding to hormonal signalling

Answer 13

integrated whole-organism response to changing
conditions both inside and outside the organism.