cell cycle (division) Flashcards
(14 cards)
cell theory
- all living things made from 1 or more cells
- all cells made of pre-existing cells
- cell = structural + functional unit of life
G1 + checkpoint
-rapid growth
-new proteins and organelle
-DNA = chromatin
-Preparing for DNA S Phase
G1 Checkpoint:
○ 1. Large enough cell size
○ 2. Suitable environment
Synthesis phase
-dna duplicates
- dna = chromatin
- no checkpoint
g2 phase
- grows in size to prepare for cell division
- makes more organelles/structures needed for each of the cells after
division
G2 Checkpoint:
1. Complete DNA replication
2. Large enough cell size
3. Suitable environment
chromatin
loose within nucleus
chromosome
coiled like stagecrew
duplicated chromosome
-attached at centromere
- condensed and duplicated chromosome
- each side is a sister chromatid
- split the sisters and its a (daughter) chromosome again
prophase
poles
- Chromatin condenses into
duplicated chromosomes - Nuclear envelope (membrane)
disappears
-Centrioles move to the poles
of the cell
-Spindle fibers begin to
extend from the centrioles
metaphase
equator
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each
duplicated chromosome - Duplicated chromosomes are pushed to equator
(center of cell) by the spindle fibers
anaphase
(ANA THAT YOU HATE ME)
- Spindle fibers separate sister chromatids at
the centromere to generate two daughter
chromosomes - Spindle fibers shorten, pulling the daughter
chromosomes to opposite poles (sides)
telophase
ending
● Chromosomes uncoil to invisible chromatin
● Nuclear envelope (membrane) reappears
● Spindle fibers disappear
● Occurs simultaneously with cytokinesis
cleavage furrow
tits
begins to squeeze the cell into two entities.
cell plate
synthesized to define the surface area between where the two new cells are to be split
g0 phase
Cell leaves the cell cycle temporarily or permanently
● These cells continue their regular functions, but are not actively dividin
