Cell Division Flashcards
1
Q
What do chromosomes contain
A
Genes
= determine features
2
Q
Mitosis stages
A
- DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosome
- one set of chromosomes pulled to each end of cell
- nucleus divides
- cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form 2 identical cells
3
Q
Functions of mitosis
A
- essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms
- takes place when organism repairs itself
- happens during asexual reproduction
4
Q
Describe process of binary fission
A
- cell replicates genetic material
- cell grows
- 2 strands move to opposite ends of cell
- cytoplasm divides
- new cell membrane and wall form around new cells
5
Q
Stages of cell cycle
A
- cell grows in size
- mitochondria increase in number
- DNA replicate
- chromosomes duplicate
- one set of chromosomes pulled to each end of cell
- cytoplasm and cell membrane divides to form 2 daughter cells
= identical cells
6
Q
Describe lock and key theory
A
- enzyme binds to substrate as they are complementary
= substrate broken down into products
= products are released
7
Q
Describe genetic engineering
A
Change of structure and characteristics of genes
8
Q
Describe genetic modification procedure
A
- restriction enzymes isolate gene of interest from an organism eg human
- gene inserted into vector eg plasmid
- recombinant plasmid inserted into required cell
- genes transferred to cells at early stage of development
- organism grows with new desired characteristics of other organism
9
Q
Define binary fission
A
Prokaryotic organisms divide and reproduce
