Illnesses

Question 1

Symptoms of measles

Answer 1

Very high fever
Red skin rash

Question 2

How is measles spread

Answer 2

I’m droplets when infected person coughs or sneezes
= virus passes into different person when droplets inhaled

Question 3

Symptoms of HIV

Answer 3

Flu-like illness

Question 4

How is HIV treated

Answer 4

Antiretroviral drugs
= stop virus from multiplying inside patient
= so virus doesn’t damage patients immune system

Question 5

How is HIV transmitted

Answer 5

Exchange of fluids between humans
= eg unprotected sexual intercourse

Question 6

How can bacteria be killed

Answer 6

Using antibiotics

Question 7

How is salmonella spread

Answer 7

Ingesting infected food
Eg food prepared in unhygienic conditions
Bacteria secrete toxins

Question 8

Symptoms of salmonella

Answer 8

Fever
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Abdominal cramps

Question 9

How is salmonella controlled in the UK

Answer 9

All chicken vaccinated against salmonella

Question 10

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 10

Thick yellow/green discharge from penis or vagina
Pain when urinating

Question 11

How to stop spread of gonorrhoea

Answer 11

Use a condom to stop bacteria passing from person to person
People who unprotected sex should be tested for gonorrhoea
= can then be treated with antibiotics before passing it on

Question 12

Bacteria diseases

Answer 12

Salmonella
Gonorrhoea

Question 13

Viral diseases

Answer 13

Measles
HIV

Question 14

Protist disease

Answer 14

Malaria

Question 15

Effect of malaria on someone

Answer 15

Repeated bouts of fever
Can be fatal

Question 16

Describe life cycle of malaria

Answer 16

• person infected by malaria
• infected person bitten by mosquito
• malaria pathogen passes into mosquito
• mosquito bites another person and passes it into them

Question 17

What is a vector

Answer 17

Carries a pathogen from one person to another
Eg mosquito

Question 18

How to prevent spread of malaria

Answer 18

Stop vector from breeding
= mosquitos breed in still water
= find areas of still water and drain them
Spray areas of still water with insecticide which kills mosquitoes
Prevent mosquitoes from biting humans
= sleep under mosquito net

Question 19

Describe aspirin

Answer 19

From barc of willow tree
Used as painkiller

Question 20

Describe digitalis

Answer 20

Used to treat heart problems
From foxgloves

Question 21

Describe penicillin

Answer 21

Fleming found it
Realised fungus growing in Petri dish that killed surrounding colonies of bacteria
Antibiotic that kills bacteria

Question 22

Three factors drug must take into account

Answer 22

Efficacy - how well it works
Toxicity - how harmful it is
Dosage - concentration of drug given

Question 23

Stages of drug testing

Answer 23

• tested on human cells and tissues
  = easy and cheap
  = doesn’t show what happens to rest of body
• testing on live animals
  = we’re both mammals
• give drug to healthy volunteers and increase dose slowly
• give to ill people go find optimum dosage

Question 24

Why can’t antibiotics treat viral diseases

Answer 24

Viruses live inside cells
= viruses are inaccessible to antibiotic

Question 25

How how antibiotic resistance increased

Answer 25

Non resistant strains killed by antibiotics
= killed by bacteria