Cell Injury And Cell Death

Question 1

one of the most crucial events in the
evolution of disease in any tissue or organ.

Answer 1

Cell death

Question 2

Causes of cell injury

Answer 2

• oxygen deprivation
• chemical/toxicagents
• infectious agents
• immunologic reactions
• genetic defects
• nutritional imbalances
• physical agents
• aging

Question 3

is the most common cause of
hypoxia, oxygen deficiency can
also result from inadequate
oxygenation of the blood

Answer 3

Ischemia

Question 4

common cause of cell
injury and death

Answer 4

Hypoxia, or oxygen
deficiency

Question 5

Øa loss of blood supply in
a tissue due to impeded
arterial flow or reduced
venous drainage.

Answer 5

Hypoxia

Question 6

Patient with ischemia may also has

Answer 6

Pneumonia
Anemia
Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 7

Toxic agents encountered in our environment

Answer 7

• Air pollutants
• Insecticides
• CO
• Asbestos, - Ethanol (social “stimuli“)
• Therapeutic drugs

Question 8

commonly known as poisons

Answer 8

Agents

Question 9

Cause severe damage at the cellular level by altering membrane permeability

Answer 9

chemical agents

Question 10

against one’s own tissues

Answer 10

Autoimmune reaction

Question 11

against environmental
substances

Answer 11

Allergic reactions

Question 12

Associated with down syndrome

Answer 12

Congenital malformations

Question 13

Nutritional deficiencies major cause of cell
injury

Answer 13

• Protein-calorie insufficiency
• Vitamin deficiencies
• Nutrition causes of morbidity and mortality

Question 14

example of physical agents

Answer 14

• Trauma
• Extremes of temperatures
• Radiation, electric shock
• Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure

Question 15

Leads to alterations in replicative and repair abilities of individual cells and tissues

Answer 15

aging

Question 16

Result of failure of energy-
dependent ion pumps in the
plasma membrane

Answer 16

cellular swelling

Question 17

Diminished ability to respond to damage

Answer 17

Aging

Question 18

Microscopic examination of cellular swelling

Answer 18

small, clear vacuoles within the
cytoplasm

Question 19

Inability to maintain ionic and fluid
homeostasis

Answer 19

cellular swelling

Question 20

Occurs in hypoxic injury and in various
forms of toxic or metabolic injury

Answer 20

Fatty change

Question 21

manifested by the appearance of
small or large lipid vacuoles in the
cytoplasm

Answer 21

Fatty change

Question 21

Depletion of ATP

Answer 21

reduced supply of oxygen
reduced supply of nutrients,
mitochondrial damage,
actions of some toxins

Question 22

mechanism of cell injury

Answer 22

• mitochondrial damage
• entry of calcium
• membrane damage
• protein misfolding, dna damage

Question 23

type of cell death that is
associated with loss of membrane integrity
and leakage of cellular contents

Answer 23

necrosis

Question 24

Dead cells may be replaced by

Answer 24

myelin figures

Question 25

Results from sudden interruption of blood supply to an organ, especially to the heart

Answer 25

coagulative necrosis

Question 26

It characteristically results from ischemic injury to the cns

Answer 26

liquefactive necrosis

Question 27

It also occurs in suppurative infections characterized by formation of pus

Answer 27

liquefactive necrosis

Question 28

The areas of white chalky deposits represent foci of fat necrosis with calcium soap formation

Answer 28

fat necrosis

Question 29

microscopic appearance of caseous necrosis

Answer 29

amorphous eosinophilic material

Question 30

Due to vascular occlusion

Answer 30

gangrenous necrosis

Question 31

complicated by bacterial infection which leads to superimposed liquefactive necrosis

Answer 31

wet gangrene

Question 32

only coagulative necrosis without liquefactive necrosis

Answer 32

dry gangrene

Question 33

special form of necrosis, visible by light microscopy

Answer 33

fibrinoid necrosis

Question 34

pathway of cell death in which cells activate enzymes that degrade the cells’ own nuclear DNA and nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins

Answer 34

apoptosis

Question 35

Apoptosis in Physiologic Situations

Answer 35

eliminate cells that are no longer needed and to maintain a constant number of cells of various types in tissues

Question 36

Responsible for apoptosis in most physiologic and pathologic situation

Answer 36

mitocondrial or intrinsic pathway

Question 37

Responsible for elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes and damage by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Answer 37

Death receptor or extrinsic pathway