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Histopath Lec > Decalcification > Flashcards

Decalcification Flashcards

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1
Q

The procedure whereby calcium or lime salts are removed from tissues following fixation

A

decalcification

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2
Q

Purpose of Decalcification

A

To ensure and facilitate the
normal cutting of sections

To prevent obscuring the
microanatomic detail of sections

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3
Q

Types of D-Agents

A
  • Based on strong mineral oils
  • Based on weaker organic acids
  • Composed of chelating agents
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4
Q

Most common
and fastest
decalcifying agent

A

10% Aqueous Nitric
Acid Solution

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5
Q

Most Rapid
Decalcifying
Agent so far

A

Phloroglucin

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6
Q

Moderately rapid
decalcifying agent

A

Von Ebner’s Fluid

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7
Q

Moderate acting decalcifying agent

A

Formic Acid

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8
Q

Recommended for
urgent biopsies

A

Formol

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9
Q

Recommended for
urgent works

A

Phloroglucin

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10
Q

easily removed by
70% alcohol

A

10% Aqueous Nitric
Acid Solution

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11
Q

Imparts yellow color which will impair
staining reaction

A

10% Aqueous Nitric
Acid Solution

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12
Q

The solution should be used inside the fumehood

A

Formol

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13
Q

Maceration is avoided due to the presence of chromic acid and
alcohol

A

Perenyi’s Fluid

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14
Q

Safer to handle than nitric acid or hydrochloric acid

A

Formic Acid

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15
Q

Recommended for autopsy materials, bone marrow, cartilage and
tissues studied for research purposes

A

Formic Acid – Sodium
Citrate Solution

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16
Q

Relatively slow
decalcifying agent
for dense bones

A

Perenyi’s Fluid

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16
Q

Recommended for routine decalcification of postmortem research tissues

A

Formic Acid

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17
Q

Suitable only for
small spicules of
bone

A

Trichloroacetic Acid

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18
Q

Decalcifies and
softens tissue at
the same time

A

Perenyi’s Fluid

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19
Q

Weak decalcifying agent; not used for dense tissues

A

Trichloroacetic Acid

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20
Q

Suitable only for
minute pieces of
bone

A

Sulfurous Acid

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21
Q

Recommended for
routine purposes

A

Perenyi’s Fluid

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22
Q

Greater distortion
of Tissues

A

Hydrochloric Acid

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23
Q

recommend for surface decalcification of the tissue block

A

1% solution in 70% alcohol

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24
Used to decalcify minute bone spicules
Chromic Acid (Flemming’s Fluid)
25
Does not produce cell or tissue distortion
Citric Acid – Citrate Buffer Solution
26
Forms precipitates at the bottom, which requires frequent changes of solution
Chromic Acid (Flemming’s Fluid)
27
Suitable for routine surgical specimens, when immunohistochemical staining is needed
Formic Acid
28
Nuclear staining with hematoxylin is inhibited
Chromic Acid (Flemming’s Fluid)
28
Good nuclear staining
- 10% aqueous nitric acid solution - formol - nitric acid - hydrochloric acid - trichloroacetic acid - formic acid
29
Good (P) / Excellent (CF) nuclear and cytoplasmic staining
- Perenyi - Citric acid - Citrate buffer solution - Formic acid
30
Good cytologic staining
- von ebner's fluid
31
Poor nuclear staining
Phloroglucin
31
Recommended for routine purposes
Perenyi's fluid
32
Not recommended for routine purposes
- formic acid - sodium citrate soln - citric acid
33
Not recommended for urgent work
- formic acid - trichloroacetic acid
34
Does not require washing
- Trichloroacetic acid - Von ebner's fluid
35
Recommended for teeth and small pieces of bone
- Formic acid - Von ebner's fluid
36
Fixative and Decalcifying agent
- Formic acid - Chromic acid
37
EDTA commercial name
Versene
38
Recommended for detailed microscopic studies
EDTA
39
DT for small specimen
1-3 weeks
40
DT for dense cortical bone
6-8 weeks to decalcify
41
EDTA inactivates alkaline phosphatase activity, which can be restored by
adding magnesium chloride
42
In IER, the degree of decalcification may be measured by
physical or X-ray method.
43
A process whereby positively charged calcium ions are attracted to a negative electrode and subsequently removed from the decalcifying solution
Electrophoresis
44
satisfactory for small bone fragments, processing only a limited number of specimens at a time
Electrophoresis
45
temperature of impaired nuclear staining of Van Gieson’s stain for collagen fibers
37C
46
temperature of tissue that will undergo complete digestion within 24-48 hours
55ºC
47
ideal time for decalcification
24-48 hours
48
DT for dense bones tissue
14 days longer
49
Done by touching with fingers to determine the consistency of tissue
Physical or Mechanical Test
50
causes damage and distortion of tissue.
pricking
51
Best method for determining complete decalcification
X-Ray or Radiological Method
52
Not recommended on Tissue fixed in mercuric chloride
X-Ray or Radiological Method
53
Simple, reliable and convenient method for routine purpose
Chemical Method (Calcium Oxalate Test)
54
Detect Calcium in the decalcifying solution by
precipitation of insoluble calcium hydroxide or calcium oxalates
55
may act both as a decalcifying agent and tissue softener
Perenyi's Fluid
56
Tissue Softeners
4% Aqueous Phenol Solution Molliflex 2% Hydrochloric Acid 1% Hydrocloric Acid in 70% Alcohol
57
The removal of acid from tissue or neutralized chemically by immersing the specimen either saturated lithium carbonate solution or 5-10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate soln for several hours
Post-Decalcification

Histopath Lec (17 decks)

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