Cytology

Question 1

refers to diagnostic techniques that are used
to examine cells from various body sites to
determine the cause or nature of disease

Answer 1

Cytopathology

Question 2

microscopic examination of cells from different
body sites for diagnostic purposes.
– includes exfoliative cytology, and fine needle
aspiration (FNA)

Answer 2

Diagnostic cytology

Question 3

microscopic study of cells that have been
desquamated from epithelial surfaces

Answer 3

Exfoliative cytology

Question 4

Exfoliative C - Recommended

Answer 4

• Detection of malignant cells
• Detection of precancerous cervical lesions
in women
• Assessment of female hormonal status
• For determination of genetic sex
• For detection of infectious agents

Question 5

Example of nongynecologic

Answer 5

• Prostatic and breast
secretions
• Gastric or bronchial
secretions
• Pleural and peritonial
fluids
• Sputum
• Smears of urine
sediments
• CSF specimen

Question 6

Characteristics the
ideal smear:

Answer 6

– should be evenly spread
– uniformly thin and flat

Question 8

Why it should be uniformly thin and flat

Answer 8

• to enable rapid drying
and fixation
• to permit optimal
penetration of stain

Question 9

Spx requires adhesive

Answer 9

– Urinary sediment
– Bronchial lavage specimen
– Specimen that utilizes proteolytic enzymes

Question 10

Adhesive Agents for Cytologic Method

Answer 10

– Pooled Human serum or Plasma
– Celloidin Ether Alcohol
– Leuconostoc Culture

Question 11

Saccomano preservatives

Answer 11

50% alcohol
2% carbowax

Question 12

Best fixative

Answer 12

Ether alcohol

Question 13

Fixative for routine preparation

Answer 13

95% ethanol

Question 14

Selectively lyses rbc
Used in heavily blood stained spx

Answer 14

Carnoy’s fluid

Question 15

Provide protective waxy coating for postal despatch

Answer 15

Polyethylene glycol in alcohol

Question 16

Cell concentration techniques used what method

Answer 16

Cytospin and sedimentation

Question 17

The cells are isolated via
a series of centrifugation
steps to concentrate the
cells into a small
suspension.

Answer 17

Cell concentration techniques

Question 18

paraffin-embedded specimen derived
from different fluids and aspirated materials

Answer 18

Cell block technique

Question 19

Serve as a bridge between cytology and histology

Answer 19

Cell Block Technique

Question 20

Uses of cell block

Answer 20

• Architectural evaluation
– (histologic pattern of tumor)
• Categorization of tumors that are not possible for
smear
• Special stains and IHC
• Immunophenotyping, molecular studies
• As archival material for future studies

Question 21

for air dried slides

Answer 21

Romanowsky stains

Question 22

for immediate fixated slides

Answer 22

Papanicolaou stains

Question 23

Romanowsky type stains

Answer 23

– Wright’s Giemsa stain
– May Grunwald
– Giemsa stain
– Diff- Quick

Question 24

cytoplasmic stain for MATURE

Answer 24

OG-6

Question 25

for IMMATURE vaginal cells

Answer 25

EA-36 or 50

Question 26

Stains for cytochemistry

Answer 26

• Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) for glycogen • Perl’s stain for hemosiderin • Alcian Blue for mucins • Grocott Methenamine Silver (GMS) for fungal organisms • Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli.

Question 27

These specimen are obtained to exclude the possibility of malignancy or infectious agents

Answer 27

Respiratory Tract specimen

Question 28

Respiratory tract spx

Answer 28

sputum, BAL, BW, BB

Question 29

The collection is usually done to exclude the possibilty of malignant tumors

Answer 29

Gastrointestinal specimen

Question 30

Gastrointestinal specimen

Answer 30

GL, GB, FNA

Question 31

The presence of malignant cells in serous effusions usually indicate metastatic involvement

Answer 31

Peritoneal, Pleural and Pericardial Fluids

Question 32

Jelly-like clots forming can be prevented by

Answer 32

adding 300 units of heparin for every 100 ml of aspirates

Question 33

has an extremely low diagnostic yield for diagnosis of breast carcinoma

Answer 33

Smears of Breast Secretion

Question 34

Breast secretion is bloody considered as

Answer 34

benign intraductal papilloma

Question 35

diagnosis of malignancy, in urothelial origin

Answer 35

Urinary Tract Specimen

Question 36

Types of urine spx

Answer 36

– Voided urine – Catheterized specimen – Washing from bladder or renal pelvis

Question 37

important diagnostic value in patientswith a known history of cance

Answer 37

Body Cavity Effusions

Question 38

first presentation of cancer of unknown origin

Answer 38

Positive effusion of malignancy

Question 39

Types of Specimen of body cavity effusion

Answer 39

Pleural Pericardial Peritoneal Csf Ascitic/abdominal fluid

Question 40

does not interfere with cytologic preparation

Answer 40

Heparin

Question 41

study of cellular samples obtained from organs that do not shed cells

Answer 41

Fna

Question 42

junction of endocervical/ectocervical mucosa

Answer 42

T-Zone (Transformation Zone)

Question 43

What is detectable in t-zone

Answer 43

Dysplasia Carcinoma

Question 44

Type of gynecologic spx

Answer 44

Squamous Columnar Metaplastic cell

Question 45

Endocervical brush

Answer 45

samples of endocervical canal

Question 46

for patient with hysterectomy

Answer 46

Vaginal scrape

Question 47

hormonal evaluation

Answer 47

Lateral vaginal scrape

Question 48

localization of vaginal adenosis

Answer 48

Four quadrant vaginal scrape

Question 49

detection of herpetic lesions of carcinoma

Answer 49

Vulvar scrape

Question 50

Polygonal squamous cells with 45-50 um in diameter

Answer 50

Superficial cell

Question 51

False acidophilia observed due to

Answer 51

Drying of smear before fixation Infection Chemical Prolapse and drying of vaginal epithelium

Question 52

Medium polyhedral or elongated cells with basophilic vacuolated cytoplasm

Answer 52

Intermediate cell

Question 53

Boat-shaped intermediate cells with strong tendency to fold or curl on edges

Answer 53

Navicular cell

Question 54

Seen in latter half of menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, and menopause

Answer 54

Navicular cell

Question 55

Round, oval or boat shaped cells

Answer 55

Pregnancy cell

Question 56

With double-walled boundary appearance

Answer 56

Pregnancy cell

Question 57

Round to oval cells with small dense basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 57

Parabasal cells

Question 58

shed in response to ovarian hormone

Answer 58

Endometrial cells

Question 59

occur in large groups or small sheets

Answer 59

Endocervical glandular cells

Question 60

present a honeycomb apperance

Answer 60

Endocervical glandular cells

Question 61

Doderlein Bacillus also known ss

Answer 61

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Question 62

candidiasis commonly seen in

Answer 62

diabetic patients, pt’s taking oral contraceptives, immunocompromised states, leukemia and lymphoma

Question 63

Mucus on drying, exhibit a palm-leaf pattern

Answer 63

Ferning

Question 64

percentage of cells from the main layers of vaginal epithelium: superficial, intermediate and deep (parabasal and basal) cells

Answer 64

Maturation index

Question 65

percentage of cells with shrunken, dark, small structureless nuclei

Answer 65

Pyknotic index

Question 67

percentage of cells staining pink-orange to red with Pap’s smear – not reliable index due to the possible pseudoacidophilia

Answer 67

Acidophilic Index

Question 68

Class I reporting

Answer 68

Negative for malignant cells

Question 69

Class II reporting

Answer 69

Atypical cells present but negative for malignant cells

Question 70

Class III reporting

Answer 70

Suspicious for malignant cells

Question 71

Class IV reporting

Answer 71

Strongly suggestive for malignant cells

Question 72

Class V reporting

Answer 72

Conclusive for malignant cells

Question 73

Reporting for spx adequacy

Answer 73

Satisfactory Limited Unsatisfactory