intro to histopath techniques

Question 1

what is histopathologic techniques

Answer 1

Provide the basic concepts about the principles
and technicalities involved in histopathologic
procedures

Question 2

Provide skills in tissue preparation from fresh
to properly mounted specimen.

Answer 2

histopathologic techniques

Question 3

The art and science performed by the
histotechnologist to produce a tissue section of
good quality.

Answer 3

histotechnology

Question 4

Processing of Tissue

Answer 4

studying tissues
whether normal or abnormal is by examination of their sections & smears
which have been permanently preserved, stained & mounted on glass slides with
cover slips for permanent keeping

• Effective means of studying tissues whether normal or abnormal
• Examination of sections & smears which have been permanently preserved
• Stained & mounted on glass slides with cover slips for permanent keeping.

Question 5

why examine histopathologic specimen

Answer 5

Determine if the sample is benign or malignant

Question 6

procedures adoptedfor the preparation of material for such studies

Answer 6

Histologic or Histopathologic technique

Question 7

fresh tissue

Answer 7

• protoplasmic activities
• mitosis
• phagocytosis
• pinocytosis

Question 8

what is preserved tissue?

Answer 8

• observe in lifelike manner
• through the action of fixative solution

Question 9

methods of fresh tissue examination

Answer 9

• teasing or dissociation
• squash preparation
• smear preparation
• frozen section

Question 10

advantages of fresh tissue

Answer 10

• examined in the living state thereby allowing protoplasmic activities such as mitosis, motion, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis to be observed

Question 11

disadvantage of fresh tissue

Answer 11

its use has been limited

Question 12

most common procedure of fresh tissue examination

Answer 12

frozen section

Question 13

A process whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution,

Answer 13

teasing or dissociation

Question 14

fresh tissue is unstained by

Answer 14

phase contrast or bright field microscopy

Question 15

fresh tissue is stained with

Answer 15

differential dyes (methylene blue)

Question 16

hypertonic solution

Answer 16

cell will shrink

Question 17

hypotonic solution

Answer 17

cell will swell

Question 18

A process whereby small pieces of tissue not more than 1 mm in diameter are placed in a microscopic slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or
with a cover glass

Answer 18

squash preparation or crushing

Question 19

useful in cytologic examination

Answer 19

smear preparation

Question 20

cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide by
means of a wire loop or applicator.

Answer 20

smear preparation

Question 21

used for cancer diagnosis

Answer 21

smear preparation

Question 22

With an applicator stick or platinum loop, the material
is rapidly and gently applied in a direct or zigzag line throughout the slide

Answer 22

streaking

Question 23

Gently spread into a moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart with an applicator stick

Answer 23

spreading

Question 24

2 slides are then pulled apart in a single uninterrupted
motion

Answer 24

pull apart

Question 25

Brought into contact and pressed on to the surface of a clean glass slide

Answer 25

Touch Preparation (Impression Smear)

Question 26

* For fresh sputum and bronchial aspirates * For thick mucoid secretions

Answer 26

Spreading

Question 27

Allowing the cells to be transferred directly to the slide for examination by Phase Contrast microscopy or stained for light microscopic study

Answer 27

Touch Preparation (Impression Smear)

Question 28

atmospheric temperature of cold chamber

Answer 28

10-20C

Question 29

Recommended for lipids and nervous tissue

Answer 29

frozen section

Question 30

methods used for freezing

Answer 30

ü Liquid nitrogen ü Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen ü Carbon dioxide gas ü Aerosol sprays

Question 31

tissue processing in order

Answer 31

fixation > dehydration > clearing > section cutting > trimming > embedding > infiltration (impregnation) > staining > mounting > labeling

Question 32

disadvantage of liquid nitrogen

Answer 32

crystallization of soft specimen ; crackening

Question 33

particularly for muscle biopsies

Answer 33

isopentane

Question 34

conventional freezing microtome gas

Answer 34

carbon dioxide gas

Question 35

often referred to as “cut-up”

Answer 35

grossing

Question 36

involves careful examination and description of the specimen its - appearance, - number of pieces and dimensions

Answer 36

grossing

Question 37

the most important processes in which the pathologist arrives at a diagnosis

Answer 37

Gross Examination of Specimens

Question 38

Criteria for rejection of gross specimen

Answer 38

*Discrepancies between the requisition and specimen label * *Specimen with no labels, or mislabeled * *Leaking specimen container * *Absent clinical data or history - Pre Op - Operative and Post Op * *Inappropriately identified specimen

Question 39

to identify and orient the spec component

Answer 39

inks

Question 40

for indicating laterality

Answer 40

nicking

Question 41

represented as * *LL – long lateral * *SS- short superior

Answer 41

suture attaches

Question 42

measurement of standard cassette

Answer 42

3.0x2.5x0.4 cm

Question 43

Responsibility of a technician

Answer 43

vSpecimen preservation. v Specimen labeling, logging and identification. vPreparation of the specimen to facilitate their gross and microscopy. vRecord keeping

Question 44

inking

Answer 44

- resection margins - embedding instruction - orientation - acetic acid - identify the cut surfce

Question 45

Two methods of preparing frozen sections

Answer 45

- Cold Knife Procedure - Cryostat procedure

Question 46

Tissue blocks can be frozen by adapting a conventional freezing microtome gas supply of carbon dioxide gas from a C02 cylinder, or by using a specially made piece of equipment known as cryostat

Answer 46

Cold Knife Procedure

Question 47

consists of an insulated microtome housed in an electrically driven refrigerated chamber and maintained at temperatures near -20°C, where microtome, knife, specimen and atmosphere are kept at the same temperature.

Answer 47

Cryostat Procedure

Question 48

Methods used of Freezing

Answer 48

Liquid nitrogen Isopentane Carbon dioxide gas Aerosol sprays adequate for freezing small pieces rapidly freezing blocks of any type of tissue.

Question 49

Rapid pathologic diagnosis during surgery

Answer 49

frozen section

Question 50

Recommended for lipids and nervous tissue

Answer 50

frozen section