cell organelles

Question 1

what is a cell organelle

Answer 1

an organelle is a membrane bound structure that is found within cells

Question 2

what is the purpose of membranes within the cell

Answer 2

to control what moves in and out of the cell and provides structure as well as allowing cells to communicate with one another

Question 3

why might it be correct to state that the cell wall isn’t an organelle

Answer 3

as its not a specialised membrane bound structure within the cell that performs specific functions like other organelles

Question 4

which is the largest cell organelle

Answer 4

the nucleus

Question 5

what is chromatin made out of

Answer 5

DNA and proteins called histones

Question 6

what is the function of the nuclear pore

Answer 6

it allows the transport of large molecules such as mRNA and and ribosomes out of the nucleus

Question 7

what does the nucleolus manufacture

Answer 7

they are the sigtes where rRNA is formed which is a constituent of ribosomes

Question 8

state 2 functions of DNA

Answer 8

protein synthesis and DNA replication

Question 9

what is the term applied to the two membranes surrounding the nucleus

Answer 9

the nuclear envelope

Question 10

what is the function of the nuclear envelope

Answer 10

to separate the contents within the nucleus such as the genetic information (DNA) from the cytoplasm

Question 11

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 11

to produce ATP in aerobic respiration

Question 12

what is the significance of the cristae

Question 13

what is the fluid in the centre of a mitochondrion called

Question 14

what is the space between the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrion called

Question 15

what’s are the membranes within a chloroplast called

Question 16

what is the stack of thylakoids called

Question 17

what is stored within chloroplasts

Question 18

what is the function of the circular DNA within chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 19

what type of ribosomes are present in chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 20

what is the difference in structure between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

what is the difference in function between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

sate 2 functions of the Golgi body

Question 23

within which structures do proteins travel from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi body

Question 24

what do lysosomes contain

Question 25

what is the difference between the vacuoles in plant and animal cells

Question 26

what is the membrane called that surrounds the vacuoles in plant cells

Question 27

what is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell

Question 28

what size are the ribosomes in plant and animal cells

Question 29

what is the function of a ribosome

Question 30

which type of cells contain centrioles

Question 31

describe centrioles

Question 32

what is the function of centrioles

Question 33

which type of cells have a cellulose cell wall

Question 34

how does the structure of cellulose make it suitable for a cell wall

Question 35

describe the permeability of the cell wall

Question 36

what is the term for the gaps in the cell wall that connect plant cells together

Question 37

function of the nucleus

Answer 37

its contains DNA which codes or controls protein synthesis

Question 38

what occurs in the nucleus

Answer 38

DNA replication

Question 39

what does transcription produce

Answer 39

mRNA templates

Question 40

function of nuclear pores

Answer 40

allows the transport of mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus

Question 41

function of nuclear envelope or double membrane

Answer 41

separates the contents of nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 42

function of nucleolus (what does it produce)

Answer 42

produces mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes

Question 43

function of chromatin

Answer 43

it condenses before cell division to form chromosomes

Question 44

what do chromatin condense to form

Answer 44

chromosomes

Question 45

function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 45

packing and storing proteins

Question 46

what does the rough endoplasmic reticulum produce

Answer 46

produces transport vesicles which merge to form Golgi body

Question 47

what do transport vesicles merge to form

Answer 47

Golgi body

Question 48

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 48

produce, package and transport steroids and lipids

Question 49

function of Golgi body

Answer 49

to modify proteins and package proteins for secretion from the cell

Question 50

examples of Golgi body modifying proteins

Answer 50

by adding carbohydrates to proteins to produce glycoproteins and adding lipids to proteins to create lipoproteins

Question 51

what does the gogi body produce

Answer 51

lysosomes and digestive enzymes

Question 52

function of lysosomes

Answer 52

to break down worn out organelles or cells

Question 53

what do lysosomes contain

Answer 53

powerful digestive enzymes

Question 54

what do phagocytes use lysosomes for

Answer 54

to digest engulfed bacteria

Question 55

what do centrioles form

Answer 55

spindle fibres during cell division

Question 56

function of mitochondria

Answer 56

ATP by aerobic respiration

Question 58

what do chloroplasts contain

Answer 58

they contain pigment which traps light energy for photosynthesis

Question 59

what does the vacuole store and contain

Answer 59

it contains cell sap and stores solutions such as glucose

Question 60

when does the vacuoles swell

Answer 60

its swells due to osmosis for turgidity

Question 61

function of ribosomes

Answer 61

for protein synthesis

Question 62

where is primary protein structure formed

Answer 62

formed at the ribosome

Question 64

what causes the cell wall to have mechanical strength

Answer 64

has mechanical strength due to the high tensile strength of cellulose microfibrils