water

Question 1

what does ‘water is a metabolite mean’

Answer 1

that water is used in many biochemical reactions as a reactant

Question 2

what reactions is water a reactant in

Answer 2

water is a reactant in photosynthesis, condensation and hydrolysis reactions and produced in aerobic respiration

Question 3

what does water is cohesive mean

Answer 3

that water molecules attract each other forming hydrogen bonds causing them to stick together

Question 4

what forms when there’s many hydrogen bonds

Answer 4

as there are many hydrogen bonds the molecules stick together in a lattice

Question 5

what does cohesion allow in plants

Answer 5

it allows long columns of water to be drawn up the xylem

Question 6

what does water have at ordinary temperatures

Answer 6

water has the highest surface tension of any liquid except mercury

Question 7

what cause surface tension in ponds

Answer 7

in a pond the cohesion between water molecules at the surface produces surface tension

Question 8

what does surface tension provide for aquatic organisms

Answer 8

the surface tension provides support and buoyancy which supports the body of organisms like pond skaters

Question 9

what does water has a high density mean

Answer 9

that water is denser than air and provides support and buoyancy when acting as a habitat for aquatic animals

Question 10

what’s water maximum density

Answer 10

waters maximum density is at 4 degrees

Question 11

what is ice compared to water

Answer 11

ice is less dense than water so therefore floats on the surface and insulates the surface beneath it

Question 12

why is ice being a good insulator important

Answer 12

as it prevents large bodies of water from losing heat and freezing completely allowing organisms beneath to survive

Question 13

why is ice less dense than water

Answer 13

due to they hydrogen bonds holding the molecule further apart than they are in liquid

Question 14

what does water being transparent allow

Answer 14

it allows light to pass through which lets aquatic plants photosynthesise effectively

Question 15

when does water act as a transport medium in animals

Answer 15

as blood is largely water and transports many dissolved substance around the body

Question 16

when does water act as a transport medium in plants

Answer 16

when transporting minerals dissolved in water from the root to the leaves via the xylem

Question 17

define hydrolysis

Answer 17

hydrolysis reactions - the reaction that breaks down large biological molecules into smaller units through the addition of water

Question 18

define condensation

Answer 18

condensation reaction - is a reaction which joins monomers by chemical bonds and involves elimination of a water molecule

Question 19

why is water essential for life

Answer 19

its essential for life as its a universal solent enabling chemical reactions within organisms and transports nutrients and oxygen

Question 20

what does water provide for aquatic organisms

Answer 20

water provides aquatic animals with a suitable habitat, support and buoyancy, a medium for metabolic reactions and transport of substance, and helps regulate body temperature

Question 21

what does water is a polar molecule mean

Answer 21

water has an uneven distribution of electrical changes, which results in 1 end being slightly positive and the other being slightly negative

Question 22

what does dipole mean

Answer 22

a polar molecule with a positive and negative charge operated by a very small distance

Question 23

what’s the attraction between water molecules called

Answer 23

cohesion

Question 24

why is a large amount of heat energy needed to raise water temperature

Answer 24

a large amount of heat energy is needed to raise waters temperature is due to the hydrogen bonds between water molecules restrict their movement which resists an increase in kinetic energy therefore resting an increase in temperature

Question 25

why does high specific heat capacity allow enzymes in cells to work efficiency

Answer 25

it allows enzymes to work efficiently as inside cells the temperature of cytoplasm is stable so enzymes don't denature

Question 26

what does high specific heat capacity mean

Answer 26

a large amount of heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of water

Question 27

what's the significance of water having high specific heat capacity

Answer 27

its significant as this prevents large fluctuations in water temperature which helps to keep aquatic environments thermally stable so organisms don't have to endure and adapt to extremes of temperate it also allows enzymes within cells to work effectively

Question 28

3 examples of condensation reactions which form disaccharides

Answer 28

-glucose + glucose = maltose -glucose + galactose = lactose -glucose + fructose = sucrose

Question 29

what's temperature control

Answer 29

temperature control is where heat is used to vaporise water from sweat on skin or leafs surface

Question 30

what's an effective way of cooling the body

Answer 30

sweating or panting

Question 31

why's hydrolysis important for substances passing through cell membranes

Answer 31

as it breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules these smaller molecules can easily diffuse into cells or be transported using protein channels

Question 32

what does high latent heat of evaporation mean

Answer 32

a lot of heat energy is needed to change it from a liquid to a vapour

Question 33

what's the significance of this property to mammals

Answer 33

its significance in mammals as this process of evaporation transfers heat energy and helps in temperature control - evaporation of water from a surface causes cooling

Question 34

which process is water a reactant

Answer 34

water is a reactant in many metabolic reactions such as hydrolysis and condensation reactions , photosynthesis and some biological processes

Question 35

which processes is water a product

Answer 35

water is a product that's formed in condensation reactions

Question 36

define the term hydrogen bond

Answer 36

the weak attractive force between the partial positive charge of a hydrogen atom of one molecule and a partial negative charge on another atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen.