nucleic acids - DNA and RNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for

Answer 1

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Question 2

What does RNA stand for

Answer 2

Ribose nucleic acid

Question 3

what are the 2 functions of DNA

Answer 3

-replication
-protein synthesis

Question 4

what are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 4

-mRNA - messenger RNA
-tRNA - transfer RNA
-rRNA - ribosomal RNA

Question 5

which is longer DNA or RNA

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

which bases are pyrimidines

Answer 6

cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 7

which bases are purines

Answer 7

adenine and guanine

Question 8

which are the complementary base pairs in DNA

Answer 8

adenine and thymine and cytosine and guanine

Question 9

which are the complementary base pairs in RNA

Answer 9

adenine and uracil and cytosine and guanine

Question 10

what bonds are complementary bases linked by

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds

Question 11

what does antiparallel mean

Answer 11

antiparallel refers to the orientation of the 2 strands in a DNA double helix. this means the strands run in opposite directions

Question 12

what is DNA being antiparallel important for

Answer 12

ist important for DNA replication

Question 13

what is the shape if DNA

Answer 13

Its a helical shape that’s double stranded with hydrogen bonds between the bases

Question 14

what sugar does DNA nucleotides have and what bases

Answer 14

has the pentose sugar deoxyribose, and the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine

Question 15

what sugar does RNA nucleotides have and what bases

Answer 15

has the pentose sugar ribose, and the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine

Question 16

describe the structure of DNA

Answer 16

DNA is a double stranded polymer of nucleotides or polynucleotide

Question 17

what can each polynucleotides contain

Answer 17

million of nucleotide units

Question 18

what forms the backbone

Answer 18

the deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups on the outside of the DNA molecule form the backbone

Question 19

what is the sugar phosphate bone of a polynucleotide formed by

Answer 19

alternating phosphate groups and pentose sugars

Question 20

what forms the sugar phosphate backbone

Answer 20

alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 21

Why are nucleotide strands called antiparallel

Answer 21

as they are parallel but facing in opposite directions

Question 22

How DNA suited for passing genetic information on

Answer 22

As it is a stable molecule and its information content bases unchanged from generation to generation

Question 23

How is DNA suited to carrying genetic information

Answer 23

as its a large molecule and carriers a large amount of genetic information

Question 24

How is genetic information protected

Answer 24

as the base pairs are on the inside of the double helix within the deoxyribose , phosphate backbones the genetic information is protected

Question 25

How is DNA suited for its function to do with mitosis and meiosis

Answer 25

as the 2 strands are able to separate as they are held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 26

How are the 2 strands of DNA able to separate

Answer 26

as they are held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 27

How is DNA suited to its functions

Answer 27

-stable molecule so information contents passes unchanged from generation to generation -large molecule and carries large amounts of genetic information -2 strands can separate as they're held by hydrogen bonds -as base pairs are on inside of double helix the genetic information is protected

Question 28

describe the structure of RNA

Answer 28

its a single stranded polynucleotide

Question 29

What sugar does RNA contain

Answer 29

pentose sugar ribose

Question 30

What purine and pyrimidine bases does RNA contain

Answer 30

It contains the purine bases adenine and guanine and the pyrimidine bases cytosine and uracil

Question 31

what base doesn't RNA contain

Answer 31

thymine

Question 32

describe the structure of mRNA

Answer 32

its a long single stranded molecule

Question 33

what is the function of mRNA

Answer 33

it gets synthesised in the nucleus and carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 34

why do different mRNA molecules have different sizes

Answer 34

as the length relates to the genes in which that are synthesised from

Question 35

what is rRNA made up of

Answer 35

it is made up of large complex molecules

Question 36

where is rRNA found

Answer 36

its found in the cytoplasm

Question 37

what are ribosomes made of

Answer 37

rRNA and protein

Question 38

what are ribosome the site of

Answer 38

site of translation of the genetic code into a protein

Question 39

describe the structure of tRNA

Answer 39

its a small single stranded molecule

Question 40

what is the shape of tRNA

Answer 40

like a cloverleaf

Question 41

what is the role of tRNA

Answer 41

it transports specific amino acids to the ribosomes in protein synthesis

Question 42

what site does a tRNA molecule have

Answer 42

it has a site called the anti codon where 3 bases of the specific amino acid being carried is attached to