Cells

Question 1

What is the function of Mitochondria?

Answer 1

converts energy from nutrients into ATP

Question 2

What is the function of Ribosomes?

Answer 2

synthesizes proteins

Question 3

Where are Ribosomes found?

Answer 3

found either attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or free within the cytoplasm

Question 4

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 4

synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids

Question 5

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 5

synthesizes fatty acids and steroids

Question 6

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus/complex?

Answer 6

modifies & packages proteins from the rough ER into transport, membrane, or secretory vesicles

Question 7

What is the function of Lysosomes?

Answer 7

contains enzymes which digest worn out intracellular parts, antigens, and unwelcome substances from outside the cell.

Question 8

What is the function of Peroxisomes?

Answer 8

digests toxic substances

Question 9

What are the components of the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 9

Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules

Question 10

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 10

provides intracellular support and anchoring for other substances within the cytoplasm

Question 11

What are the general regions of a cell?

Answer 11

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 12

What substances comprise the cell membrane?

Answer 12

Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycoproteins

Question 13

What is the function of the Centrosome?

Answer 13

synthesis of microtubules and unravelling of the chromosomes during cell division

Question 14

What is the function of Cilia?

Answer 14

Organelle which is an extension of the cell membrane and actively sweeps extracellular material away

Question 15

What is the function of a Flagellum?

Answer 15

the tail of a sperm cell, which propels the entire cell

Question 16

What are Inclusions and what is its function?

Answer 16

non-functioning units that act as storage pouches within the cell for nutrients, lipid droplets in adipocytes, or skin pigments

Question 17

What are the five components of a cellular Nucleus?

Answer 17

Nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin (forms chromosomes later)

Question 18

What is the function of the cellular Nucleus?

Answer 18

Which organelle that stores the cell’s genetic information and controls the cell’s metabolism?

Question 19

Which mechanisms are classified as Passive Transportation?

Answer 19

Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration

Question 20

Passive Transportation

Answer 20

molecular transportation across a cell membrane, which requires no ATP from the cell

Question 21

Simple Diffusion

Answer 21

mode of passive transportation which allows small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules to move across the lipid bilayer from an area of high concentration to one of low

Question 22

Facilitated Diiffusion

Answer 22

mode of passive transportation which allows specific large, polar or hydrophylic molecules to move across a cell membrane via the assistance of a channel or carrier protein embedded within the membrane

Question 23

Osmosis

Answer 23

type of diffusion which allows water to cross the lipid bilayer unheeded from an area of lower solute content to one of higher solute content

Question 24

Water moves by osmosis to an area of higher or lower solute concentration?

Answer 24

moves from low solute concentration to high

Question 25

Water moves by osmosis to an area higher or lower solvent concentration?

Answer 25

moves from high solvent concentration to low

Question 26

Describe Isotonic

Answer 26

The solute concentration within the cell is equal to the that surrounding it.

Question 27

Describe the effects of a Hypotonic solution on a red blood cell

Answer 27

The solute concentration is lower within the cell than outside it, water diffuses into the cell too quickly and the cell bursts (hemolysis)

Question 28

Describe the effects of a Hypertonic solution on a red blood cell

Answer 28

The solute concentration is higher within the cell than outside it, water diffuses out of the cell too quickly and the cell collapses (crenation)

Question 29

What is the function of Microvilli?

Answer 29

Organelle which is an extension of the cell membrane and increases surface area for the purpose of absorption

Question 30

What is the function of the Centriole?

Answer 30

to be paired with another centriole and arranged in a perpendicular fashion as a Centrosome

Question 31

List four functions of Microtubules

Answer 31

determine cell shape, move of organelles along their length through the cell, component of cilia & flagella, aid in the unraveling of chromosomes during cell division

Question 32

Compare cytoplasm & cytosol

Answer 32

cytosol is the watery, fluid component of the cytoplasm, which is gel-like in consistency and hosts all the organelles enclosed by the cell membrane

Question 33

Intermediate filaments

Answer 33

strong proteins that span the inside of the cell, withstand mechanical stresses, and connect adjacent cells to one another

Question 34

Microfilaments

Answer 34

found around the periphery of the cytoplasm, composed of actin & myosin, help the cells with limited movement and maintain cell shape

Question 35

Compare lysosomes and peroxisomes

Answer 35

peroxisomes are smaller and digest toxins, whereas lysosomes completes digestion and recycles worn out intracellular parts

Question 36

Describe basic vesicular transportation

Answer 36

part of the organelle membrane buds off creating a vesicle, when the vesicle reaches its destination it merges with the destination membrane releasing its contents into another organelle or outside the cell

Question 37

Transport vesicles

Answer 37

carry their contents between organelles (e.g. proteins from ER to Golgi, or enzymes from Golgi to lysosome)

Question 38

Secretory vesicles

Answer 38

carry their contents to the plasma membrane to be expelled (e.g. insulin secretion)

Question 39

Membrane vesicles

Answer 39

carry new membrane components to the plasma membrane

Question 40

What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 40

forms a selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and regulates the flow of materials travelling in and out of the cell

Question 41

What is the function of cholesterol within the cell membrane?

Answer 41

contributes to the membrane rigidity

Question 42

What is the function of glycoproteins within the cell membrane?

Answer 42

provide structural support for the membrane and channels of transportation for materials to pass in and out of the cell

Question 43

What is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Answer 43

glucose bind to outside of a carrier protein and is released into the cytoplasm

Question 44

Filtration

Answer 44

type of diffusion which allows water and dissolved contents to selectively cross the cell membranes from an area of high pressure to one of low, while larger molecules are left behind