Skeletal Tissue Flashcards
(116 cards)
0
Q
Give an example of a long bone
A
femur
1
Q
What are the five shapes of bones?
A
long, short, sesamoid, flat, irregular
2
Q
Give an example of a short bone
A
wrist or ankle bone
3
Q
Give an example of a sesamoid bone
A
patella
4
Q
Give an example of a flat bone
A
skull, sternum
5
Q
Give an example of an irregular bone
A
vertebra, hip bone
6
Q
Which classification of bone is longer than it is wide?
A
long bones
7
Q
Which classification of bone is cube shaped?
A
short bones
8
Q
Which classification of bone is shaped like a sesame seed?
A
sesamoid bones
9
Q
Which classification of bone is a type of short bone within a tendon?
A
sesamoid bones
10
Q
Which classification of bone is thin, flattened, and curved?
A
flat bones
11
Q
Which classification of bone does not fit into one of the other four categories?
A
irregular bones
12
Q
What class of bone is a femur?
A
long bone
13
Q
What class of bone is a wrist or ankle bone?
A
short bone
14
Q
What class of bone is the patella?
A
sesamoid, short bone within a tendon
15
Q
What class of bone is the sternum?
A
flat bone
16
Q
What class of bone are the majority of skull bones?
A
flat bones
17
Q
What class of bone is a vertebra?
A
irregular bone
18
Q
What class of bone is a hip bone?
A
irregular
19
Q
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
A
support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation
20
Q
How does the skeletal system provide support?
A
provides rigid framework and supports body weight
21
Q
How does the skeletal system provide protection?
A
surrounds vital organs (e.g. brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs)
22
Q
How does the skeletal system aid in movement?
A
provides muscle attachment sites
23
Q
How does the skeletal system store minerals?
A
calcium and phosphorus stored in bone matrix until they are needed
24
How does the skeletal system provide blood cells?
new blood cells form in the marrow of bones
25
Osseous
bone tissue
26
What materials make up bone tissue?
hard mineral salts deposited around strong, elastic protein fibres
27
What types of cells are found in bone tissue?
osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes
28
Osteoblast
immature bone cell
29
Osteocyte
mature bone cell, embedded in the matrix
30
What is the role of an osteoblast?
produces new bone matrix until surrounded by it, most mature into osteocytes
31
What is the role of an osteocyte?
repairs damaged bone
32
Which type of bone cell is responsible for repair?
osteocytes
33
Which type of bone cell is responsible for new growth?
osteoblasts
34
What is the role of an osteoclast?
releases stored minerals back into body, maintains density and composition of bone, initiates remodelling or growth
35
What type of bone cell is responsible for releasing stored minerals back into the body?
osteoclast
36
smallest unit found in compact bone
osteon
37
Where is compact bone found?
shafts of long bones and outer surfaces of other bones
38
Osteon, aka
Haversion system
39
Haversion system, aka
osteon
40
List the five main components of an osteon
central canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, Volkmann's canals
41
central canal of osteon, aka
Haversion canal
42
Haversion canal, aka
central canal of osteon
43
What is contained within a Haversion canal?
nerve cells and blood vessels
44
lamellae
circular rings of calcified matrix
45
circular rings of calcified matrix
lamellae
46
What part of an osteon contains nerve cells and blood vessels?
central canal/Haversion canal
47
lacunae
pockets where osteocytes are found, between the layers of calcified matrix
48
pockets where osteocytes are found, between the layers of calcified matrix
lacunae
49
canaliculi
route blood vessels through and connect the osteons
50
route blood vessels through and connect the osteons
canaliculi
51
Spongy bone, aka
Cancellous bone
52
Cancellous bone, aka
Spongy bone
53
How often is compact bone replaced?
every 10 yrs
54
How often is cancellous bone replaced?
every 2-3 yrs
55
Osteons are found in compact bone, T/F?
T
56
Osteons are found in cancellous bone, T/F?
F
57
Where is cancellous bone found?
ends of long bones, centre of other bones
58
Trabeculae
plate-like layers that comprise cancellous bone
59
plate-like layers that comprise cancellous bone
Trabeculae
60
What is the purpose of trabeculae?
holes provide space for red marrow, holes decrease weight and material is less dense
61
What is the purpose of red marrow?
blood cell production
62
What is the purpose of yellow marrow?
fat storage
63
Volkmann's canals
route blood vessels through bone from outside to hollow central cavity
64
route blood vessels through bone from outside to hollow central cavity
Volkmann's canals
65
Volkmann's canals, aka
perforating canals
66
perforating canals, aka
Volkmann's canals
67
List the seven main components of long bone
Diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal plate, medullary cavity, endosteum, periosteum, articular cartilage
68
Diaphysis
long shaft of a long bone
69
Epiphyses (pl)
enlarged ends of long bones
70
enlarged ends of long bones
epiphyses
71
Plural of epiphysis
epiphyses
72
Singular of epiphyses
epiphysis
73
What type of tissue are the epiphyses covered with?
articular cartilage (hyaline)
74
epiphyseal plate, aka
epiphyseal disk
75
epiphyseal disk, aka
epiphyseal plate
76
Epiphyseal plate
disc of hyaline cartilage which separates the epiphyses from the diaphysis
77
medullary cavity
hollow centre cavity of long bone
78
hollow centre cavity of long bone
medullary cavity
79
disc of hyaline cartilage which separates the epiphyses from the diaphysis
epiphyseal plate
80
What is contained in the medullary cavity?
red or yellow marrow, blood vessels, endosteum
81
endosteum
thin membrane of connective tissue which lines the medullary cavity
82
thin membrane of connective tissue which lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
83
periosteum
tough sheath of connective tissue lining outside of bone, wherever articular cartilage is not
84
tough sheath of connective tissue lining outside of bone, wherever articular cartilage is not
periosteum
85
What is the purpose of the periosteum?
protects, nourishes, provides attachment surface for ligaments and muscle, assists in fracture repair
86
Which component of bone protects and nourishes underlying tissues, provides attachment surface for ligaments and muscle, and assists in fracture repair?
periosteum
87
articular cartilage
smooth hyaline cartilage which lines epiphyses and reduces friction within joints
88
process of bone formation, aka
ossification
89
ossification, aka
process of bone formation
90
smooth hyaline cartilage which lines epiphyses and reduces friction within joints
articular cartilage
91
How do skull bones form during fetal development?
ossification of thin connective tissue membrane
92
How do most bones form during fetal development?
ossification of hyaline cartilage
93
How do bones grow in length?
growth hormone stimulates epiphyseal plate to proliferate distally and calcify medially
94
How do bones grow in width?
osteoblasts create new tissue from the periosteum side, and osteoclasts widen medullary cavity from endosteum side
95
What happens when bone growth halts?
sex hormones cause the epiphyseal plates to stop expanding, and they eventually ossify, forming the epiphyseal line
96
Complete fracture
break extends across entire section of bone
97
Incomplete fracture
break extends across entire section of bone, but some pieces still remain partially together
98
Open fracture, aka
compound fracture
99
Compound fracture, aka
open fracture
100
closed fracture, aka
simple fracture
101
simple fracture, aka
closed fracture
102
Open fracture
broken end punctures the skin, higher chance of infections
103
Compound fracture
broken end punctures the skin, higher chance of infections
104
Closed fracture
broken end does not puncture the skin, lower chance of infections
105
simple fracture
broken end does not puncture the skin, lower chance of infections
106
Comminuted fracture
bone is crushed into small pieces
107
Transverse fracture
break is perpendicular to long axis of the bone
108
Oblique fracture
bone is broken at a slant
109
fracture reduction
bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment
110
bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment
fracture reduction
111
closed reduction
bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment without surgery
112
open reduction
bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment by surgical means
113
bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment without surgery
closed reduction
114
bringing the broken bone pieces back into normal alignment by surgical means
open reduction
115
Give two reasons that healing bone is slow?
1. bone cell division is very slow to begin with
2. vascularization to the bone tissue has been disrupted and therefore the transfer of nutrients required for repair has been reduced
