Integumentary System Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Oil glands, aka
A
Sebaceous glands
2
Q
Sweat glands, aka
A
Sudoriferous glands
3
Q
Sebaceous glands, aka
A
Oil glands
3
Q
What are the components of the integumentary system?
A
Skin, hair, nails, sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands
4
Q
Sudoriferous glands, aka
A
Sweat glands
5
Q
Name 6 functions of the integumentary system
A
Protection, thermoregulation, stimuli reception, metabolic activity, blood storage, waste excretion
6
Q
What makes skin waterproofed?
A
keratinocytes produce lammelar granules whose contents seal water from entry
7
Q
How does the skin protect the body from physical injury?
A
Skin is elastic and rugged
8
Q
What purpose do sebaceous glands serve in protection?
A
Oily secretions are acidic and help to stop the growth of pathogenic invaders
9
Q
Name three things the skin protects the body from
A
Physical protection from injuries, pathogenic invaders, and excessive fluid loss
10
Q
What is normal body temperature, in Celcius and Fahrenheit?
A
37 degrees Celcius, 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
11
Q
How does the integumetary system accomplish thermoregulation?
A
sudoriferous glands secrete sweat to reduce body temperature, and dilation/constriction of superficial blood vessels
12
Q
Which sensations do sensory receptors in the skin indicate?
A
heat, pain, pressure
13
Q
What is the most superficial layer of skin?
A
Epidermis
14
Q
What medical term is synonymous with skin?
A
Cutaneous membrane
15
Q
What layer of skin is found beneath the epithelial tissues?
A
Dermis
17
Q
Which layer of skin is vascular? Avascular? Innervated? Non-innervated?
A
Dermis is vascular and innervated, epidermis is avascular and non-innervated
18
Q
What connects skin to the underlying fascia?
A
Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis
18
Q
Hypodermis, aka
A
Subcutaneous layer
19
Q
Subcutaneous layer, aka
A
Hypodermis
20
Q
What types of tissue comprise the subcutaneous layer?
A
areolar and adipose tissues
21
Q
What are the functions of subcutaneous tissue?
A
fat storage, blood supply, houses pressure sensitive nerves, attachment of skin to fascia surrounding bone and muscle
22
Q
What is an exteroceptor?
A
a sensory receptor that receives external stimuli
23
Q
List the major layers of the skin from deepest to most superficial.
A
hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
24
List the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest.
stratum corneum,
stratum granulosum,
stratum spinosum,
stratum basale
25
Recite the acrostic to remember the layers of the epidermis
CORi's GRANny SPINs BASketballs
26
CORi's GRANny SPINs BASketballs
Strati of epidermis from most superficial to deepest:
| corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
27
Which layer of epidermis is found in the palms and soles of the feet, and where is it found?
stratum lucidum
28
Where is stratum lucidum found in the epidermis?
between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
29
List the layers of the dermis from most superficial to deepest.
Papillary layer, reticular layer
31
What is known as the "true skin"
dermal tissue
32
Corium, aka
Dermis
33
Dermis, aka
Corium
34
Describe the composition & function of the papillary layer of the dermis.
contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibres, papillae project into the epidermis, containing blood vessels and nerve endings to provide nutrition
35
How are papillae viewed on the palms and soles of the feet?
Ridges that form fingerprints
36
Where are Langerhans cells primarily found?
stratum spinosum of epidermis
37
What is the function of Langerhans cells?
immune response
38
What causes goosebumps?
contraction of arrector pilli muscles
39
What are two types of sudoriferous glands?
eccrine & apocrine
40
Eccrine glands
sudoriferous glands which are active throughout lifetime, found all over the body but especially the upper lip, forehead, palms and soles
41
Apocrine glands
sudoriferous glands which become active during puberty, found alongside hair follicles around genitalia, armpits, nipples, and beards
42
Where are apocrine glands found?
deep in the dermis and subcutaneous layer
43
Describe the structure of sudoriferous glands
simple, coiled tubular glands
44
Where are eccrine glands found?
within the dermis
45
Compare the location of eccrine and apocrine glands
apocrine glands are deeper in the dermis and subcutaneous layer, while eccrine glands are not associated with hair follicles
46
cuticle, aka
eponychium
47
lunula
white, crescent-shaped area of nail body
48
Why is the lunula white?
a thickened region of epithelium directly beneath it prevents the pink colour from vascularization of underlying tissue from being seen
49
Why is the majority of the nail body appear pink?
vascularization of epithelium below the nail is seen through it
50
Name the parts of the nail body from from distal to proximal
free edge, nail body/plate, lunula, eponychium, nail root
51
Name the parts of the nail bed from from distal to proximal
hyponychium, nail bed, nail matrix
52
What is nail plate composed of?
dead, flattened, keratinized epithelial cells
53
What is the function of eponychium?
protection of the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to bacteria
54
What is eponychium?
cuticle layer that extends onto the proximal portion of the nail, composed of stratum corneum
55
What is the function of hyponychium?
secure the nail plate to the fingertip
56
What is hyponychium?
thicked region of stratum corneum
57
What is the function of nails?
protection of underlying tissues, grasping & picking up small objects
58
first-degree burn
epidermis tissue is destroyed, skin is inflamed and tender
59
What type of burn is a sunburn?
example of a first degree burn
60
second-degree burn
epidermis and dermal tissue is destroyed, skin is blistering and painful
61
third-degree burn
epidermal, dermal and some subcutaneous tissue is destroyed, no sensitivity (nerves destroyed)
62
What is immediately life threatening about a severe burn?
loss of bodily fluids (skin no longer present to prevent leaking and evaporation)
63
What are some general concerns associated with severe burns?
loss of bodily fluids, reduced blood circulation, bacterial infection, decreased production of urine
64
What type of tissue composes the epidermis?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
65
What type of tissue composes the dermis?
dense irregular connective tissue
66
What three pigments are responsible for skin color?
melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
67
How does carotene contribute to skin colour?
yellow-orange pigment that deposits in stratum corneum and adipose tissue found in dermis and subcutaneous layers
68
How does haemoglobin contribute to skin colour?
not found in skin cells, but rather in the vascularized dermal tissue, more apparent in light-skinned individuals
69
How does melanin contribute to skin colour?
produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, amount of melanin produced dependent on genetics and level of UV exposure
70
Describe the structure & location of sebaceous glands
simple branched acinar (rounded) glands found alongside hair follicles within the dermis everywhere except palms and soles
71
What do sebaceous glands produce and why?
sebum coats hair shafts and skin to prevent drying, and contains substances that inhibit bacterial growth
72
List four cells found in the epidermis
keratinocyte, intraepidermal macrophage/Langerhans, melanocyte, tactile/Merkel
73
What connects the epidermis to the dermis?
basement membrane
74
Where are melanocytes and Merkel/tactile cells found?
stratum basale
75
How are keratinocytes organized?
new keratinocytes created from stem cells within the stratum basale, produce keratinous microfilaments within the stratum spinosum, die in stratum granulosum as they are too far away from vascular nutrition, and are fully dead and flattened in the stratum corneum
76
What type of cell makes up 90% of the epidermis?
keratinocytes
77
What is the function of Merkel/tactile cells?
attached to nerves in the dermal papillae, detect pressure sensation
78
What structures are found in the dermis?
nerve endings, vessels, adipocytes, glands, hair follicles
79
Describe the composition & function of the reticular layer of the dermis.
contains bundles of thick collagen fibers and coarse elastic fibres arranged in a network that helps skin resist stretching
80
lammelar granules
lipid rich to seal water from entry into the skin, produced by kertinocytes
81
Cutaneous membrane, aka
skin
82
Where are areolar and adipose tissues found?
subcutaneous layer
83
a sensory receptor that receives external stimuli
exteroceptor
84
Where is stratum lucidum found?
the palms and soles of the feet
85
Papillary layer, reticular layer
layers of the dermis from most superficial to most deep
86
contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibres, papillae project into the epidermis, containing blood vessels and nerve endings to provide nutrition
papillary layer of the dermis
87
Ridges that form fingerprints
How papillae are viewed on the palms and soles of the feet
88
Which cell in the epidermis is for immune response?
Langerhans cells
89
sudoriferous glands which are active throughout lifetime, found all over the body but especially the upper lip, forehead, palms and soles
Eccrine glands
90
sudoriferous glands which become active during puberty, found alongside hair follicles around genitalia, armpits, nipples, and beards
Apocrine glands
91
type of sudoriferous glands found deep in the dermis and subcutaneous layer
apocrine glands
92
type of sudoriferous glands found within the dermis
eccrine glands
93
eponychium, aka
cuticle
94
white, crescent-shaped area of nail body
lunula
95
What structure is made from dead, flattened, keratinized epithelial cells?
nail plate/body
96
protects the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to bacteria
eponychium
97
epithelial layer that extends onto the proximal portion of the nail
eponychium
98
thicked region of stratum corneum that secures the nail plate to the fingertip
hyponychium
99
In which degree of burn is the epidermis tissue is destroyed, skin inflamed and tender?
first-degree burn
100
example of a first degree burn
sunburn
101
In which degree of burn is the epidermis and dermal tissue destroyed, skin is blistering and painful
second-degree burn
102
In which degree of burn is the epidermal, dermal and some subcutaneous tissue is destroyed, no sensitivity (nerves destroyed)
third-degree burn
103
What layer of skin is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?
epidermis
104
What layer of skin is composed of dense irregular connective tissue?
dermis
105
yellow-orange pigment that contributes to skin colour
carotene
106
pink vascular pigment that is more apparent in light-skinned individuals
haemoglobin
107
dark skin pigment produced by melanocytes
melanin
108
simple branched acinar (rounded) glands found alongside hair follicles within the dermis everywhere except palms and soles
sebaceous glands
109
product of sebaceous glands that coats hair shafts and skin to prevent drying, and contains substances that inhibit bacterial growth
sebum
110
keratinocytes, intraepidermal macrophages/Langerhans cells, melanocytes, tactile/Merkel cells
cells found in the epidermis
111
where is the basement membrane found?
connects the epidermis to the dermis
112
Epidermal cells found in the stratum basale
melanocytes and Merkel/tactile cells
113
Which cell is attached to nerve endings in the dermal papillae, and detects pressure sensation?
Merkel/tactile cells
114
contains bundles of thick collagen fibers and coarse elastic fibres arranged in a network that helps skin resist stretching
reticular layer of the dermis
